"(Weitergeleitet von Journalistin)": The Gendered Presentation of Professions on Wikipedia

Previous research has shown the existence of gender biases in the depiction of professions and occupations in search engine results. Such an unbalanced presentation might just as likely occur on Wikipedia, one of the most popular knowledge resources on the Web, since the encyclopedia has already been found to exhibit such tendencies in past studies. Under this premise, our work assesses gender bias with respect to the content of German Wikipedia articles about professions and occupations along three dimensions: used male vs. female titles (and redirects), included images of persons, and names of professionals mentioned in the articles. We further use German labor market data to assess the potential misrepresentation of a gender for each specific profession. Our findings in fact provide evidence for systematic over-representation of men on all three dimensions. For instance, for professional fields dominated by females, the respective articles on average still feature almost two times more images of men; and in the mean, 83% of the mentioned names of professionals were male and only 17% female.Comment: In the 9th International ACM Web Science Conference 2017 (WebSci'17), June 25-28, 2017, Troy, NY, USA. Based on the results of the thesis: arXiv:1702.0082

Functional analysis of human alpha 1(I) procollagen gene promoter. Differential activity in collagen-producing and -nonproducing cells and response to transforming growth factor beta 1.

To gain a further understanding of the regulation of human type I collagen gene expression under physiologic and pathologic conditions, we characterized 5.3 kilobase pairs (kb) of the human alpha 1(I) procollagen gene promoter. A series of deletion constructs containing portions of the alpha 1(I) procollagen 5\u27-flanking region (with end points from -5.3 kb to -84 base pairs (bp)) ligated to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene were transiently transfected into NIH/3T3 cells. Maximal CAT activity was observed with constructs having 5\u27 end points from -804 to -174 bp. A further 5\u27 deletion to -84 bp caused a marked reduction in CAT activity. Cells transfected with plasmids containing longer 5\u27-flanking fragments of the alpha 1(I) procollagen gene (-2.3 or -5.3 kb) showed reduced CAT activity compared with the -804 bp construct. The activity of the alpha 1(I) procollagen promoter was much lower in cells that do not normally express type I collagen (HeLa cells) compared with collagen-producing NIH/3T3 cells. The CAT activity of deletion constructs containing longer 5\u27 regions than -84 bp was increased by approximately 2-fold in NIH/3T3 cells treated with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that protein-DNA complex formation with a probe corresponding to the -170 to -80 bp fragment of the alpha 1(I) procollagen promoter was markedly enhanced in nuclear extracts prepared from TGF beta 1-treated fibroblasts as compared with untreated fibroblasts. The DNA binding activity stimulated by TGF beta 1 was specific for an Sp1-like sequence at positions -164 to -142 bp in the promoter. These results demonstrate that 1) there are both positive and negative cis-acting regulatory elements in the human alpha 1(I) procollagen promoter, 2) these regulatory regions function differently in collagen-producing and -nonproducing cells, 3) the alpha 1(I) procollagen promoter contains TGF beta 1-responsive sequences located between -174 and -84 bp from the transcription start site, and 4) TGF beta 1 caused marked stimulation of the DNA binding activity of a nuclear factor interacting with an Sp1-like binding site located within a region encompassing -164 to -142 bp of the alpha 1(I) procollagen promoter

Pengaruh Kenaikan Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak (Ptkp) terhadap Peningkatan Daya Beli Masyarakat di Daerah Kabupaten Kediri (Studi Kasus di Desa Sambireksik Kecamatan Gampengrejo)

Developing countries such as Indonesia\u27s state government development is necessary in order to make this country better and grow into a developed country. Income tax article 21, the biggest contributor of government revenue. Itself taxable income is income that is not taxed. Policy PTKP rise in 2013 was taken by the government for fiscal stimulus in anticipation of a global economic slowdown. The purpose of this study is the effect of the increase in taxable income to purchasing power in the region, especially the village of Kediri District Gampengrejo Sambiresik. Researchers wanted to examine the truth by raising the taxable income will increase purchasing power also appropriate government said. This type of research used in this study is a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques used questionnaire study. This study used a Likert scale scores of the questionnaire. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis. The results of this research is that if the independent variable (PTKP) worth (0) then the dependent variable (Purchasing Power) worth 3,938. Leverage the value of coefficient for the variable X is equal to -180. In the regression tests are sig 0.140, then H0 is accepted. Advice from research that more closely if the government wants to increase the amount of taxable income to increase purchasing power. The government can increase people\u27s purchasing power by raising the taxable income but also control the prices of basic necessities

Genomics of Hybridization and Adaptation in Primates

In chapter 1, we used high coverage (30X) whole genome sequences from 225 wild baboons (genus Papio) representing 19 geographic localities to investigate population genomics and inter-species gene flow. Our analyses provide an expanded picture of evolutionary reticulation among species and reveal novel patterns of population structure within and among species, including differential admixture among conspecific populations. We describe the first example of a baboon population, those from western Tanzania, with a genetic composition that is derived from three distinct lineages (yellow, olive and Kinda baboons). The results reveal processes, both ancient and recent, that produced the observed mismatch between phylogenetic relationships based on matrilineal, patrilineal, and biparental inheritance. We also identified several candidate genes that may contribute to species-specific phenotypes. In chapter 2, we conducted a phylogenomic analysis of macaques (genus Macaca) using 16 newly generated (30X) and eight published macaque genomes. First, we found strong support for the division of macaques into seven species groups. Second, we identified incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) as the primary factor contributing to the discordance observed among gene trees, but we also found evidence for hybridization events, specifically between the ancestral arctoides/sinica and silenus/nigra lineages which resulted in the hybrid formation of the fascicularis/mulatta group. Combined with fossil data, we used our phylogenomic results to establish a scenario for macaque radiation. Our findings provide insights into ILS and potential ancient introgression events involved in the radiation of macaques, which contribute to a better understanding of rapid speciation events in non-human primates. In chapter 3, we present a high-quality genome assembly (Tfra_5.0, N50 98.23 Mb) of a limestone langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) and genome resequencing data (30X) of 48 langurs representing 15 of the 22 recognized species. We found that genes related to ion channels (Na, Ca, K, Se, and others) exhibit significantly faster evolutionary rates in limestone langurs compared to other langurs. Limestone langur-specific mutations in ion channel proteins alter the inward ion current in cells in-vitro, and some mutations cause dysfunction of ion channels (channelopathies) in humans. Furthermore, a mutation (Glu94Asp) in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) results in increased levels of basal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, which may be responsible for the dark coat color of limestone langurs. Our study reveals the adaptive evolution of ion channels and pelage color and provides insights into human channelopathies and vertebrate pigmentation. In chapter 4, we investigated the genetic load, adaptive potential and population history of the Cat Ba langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus), a primate species endemic to Vietnam’s famous Ha Long Bay and with ca. 70 living individuals one of the most threatened primates in the world. Using high-coverage (30X) whole genome data of four wild individuals, we revealed a 5-fold decline in effective population size Ne over the last 100 years. Compared to other primates and mammals, the Cat Ba langur showed extremely low levels of genetic diversity and long runs of homozygosity, but genetic diversity has been maintained in protein-coding genes and on chromosome 19, an autosome known for its unusual high gene density. Further, we found no evidence for an excess of either deleterious or loss-of-function mutations in a homozygous state. At the same time, the Cat Ba langur exhibits a large number of unique non-synonymous variants and genes under positive selection that are related to calcium and sodium metabolism, muscle contraction and the cardiovascular system, which may have improved adaptation to saltwater consumption and high calcium intake as well as climbing ability. This study provides important baseline data for conservation and evidence for unique adaptation to harsh environments. Finally, we show that species exhibiting low overall genetic diversity can still preserve diversity in functionally important regions.2024-11-2

Sustainable design strategy for speaker

LAUREA MAGISTRALEOggi troppi rifiuti derivanti dai prodotti elettronici di consumo sono dannosi per l’ambiente.In quanto azienda produttrice, è essenziale attuare lo sviluppo sostenibile, migliorare i sistemi di produzione e ridurre l’inquinamento ambientale.Questa tesi prende ad esempio la ricerca di progettazione sostenibile di prodotti audio.In primo luogo, istituire questionari e ricerche letterarie sull’atteggiamento dei consumatori nei confronti della sostenibilità, e poi attraverso interviste per comprendere i diversi punti di vista sulla progettazione sostenibile dei progettisti e dei manager dell’azienda.Inoltre, conclude suggerimenti per lo sviluppo di prodotti in questo settore.Infine, alla ricerca di analisi dei casi per ciascun problema, il marchio JBL Pro è stato preso ad esempio dalla LCA(valutazione del ciclo di vita) e dai suoi strumenti per analizzare e migliorare l’attuale sistema produttivo per renderlo più sostenibile.In seguito, stiamo imparando come attirare i consumatori a partecipare all’acquisto di prodotti sostenibili e, per l’azienda, come costruire un sistema produttivo più sostenibile e risolvere i problemi esistenti.Tuttavia, a causa dei limiti delle risorse di dati, il vero e proprio business pian dovrebbe essere più completo.Nel complesso, i risultati mostrano che per JBL Pro lo sviluppo sostenibile può essere attuato in tre aree: 01) progettazione sociale: produrre prodotti di maggior valore e impatto migliore per gli utenti; 02) progettazione circolare: costruire un sistema di circolazione dei prodotti utilizzando materiali riciclabili.Realizzare il riciclaggio dei materiali e ridurre l’impatto delle discariche sull’ambiente.03) Eco design: creare linee guida di progettazione, come progettazione modulare, facile manutenzione, prolungamento della durata, per guidare il processo di progettazione del prodotto.Nowadays, too much waste from electronic consumer products is harmful to the environment. As a product company, implementing sustainable development, re-improve product systems, and reducing environmental pollution is essential. This thesis takes the sustainable design research of audio products as an example. First, Setting up questionnaires and literature research on consumers’ attitudes towards sustainability, and then through interviews to understand different views on sustainable design from designers and managers in the company. Moreover, conclude suggestions for the development of products in this field. Finally searching for cases analysis for each problem and then took the JBL Pro brand as an example through LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) and ICS tools to analyze and improve their current production system to make it more sustainable. After that, we are learning how to attract consumers to participate in purchasing sustainable products and, for the company, how to build a more sustainable production system and solve existing problems. However, due to the limitations of data resources, the actual business blueprint should be more comprehensive. Overall, the results show that for JBL Pro, sustainable development can be implemented in three areas,01) Social design:Produce more valuable products and better impact users, 02) Circular design: build a product circulation system using recyclable materials. Realize the recycling of materials and reduce the impact of landfills on the environment. 03) Eco design: Create design guidelines, such as modular design, easy maintenance, life extension, to guide the product design process

Three dimensional characterization and multi-scale modelling of deformation in biomaterials

Mollusc shell and bone are two interesting materials with complicated morphological geometries and hierarchical microstructures, which present a good combination of stiffness, strength and toughness and therefore attract interests of researchers from engineering and clinic fields. In this work, in-situ mechanical tests during X-ray tomography have been done on common British limpet and bones (cortical bone and trabecular bone), which provide geometric and microstructural information for modelling. The 3-D displacement fields within deformed biomaterials have been extracted by digital volume correlation (DVC), which provides either boundary conditions for modelling or experimental comparison for simulated results. Different modelling approaches have been employed in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of mechanical properties of biomaterials. A value for the elastic modulus of the mollusc shell, which is consistent with literature, has been obtained using a finite element (FE) model with simple boundary conditions (experimental load) which incorporates the morphological information of limpet. Additional information of possible fracture sites within limpet have also been successfully predicted from the model, and the strain field within the deformed shell has been calculated using FE model with the 3D full displacement field from DVC analysis as boundary conditions. FE models of indentation tests on cortical bone have also been built which provide insight into the mechanical behavior of bone under indentation loading. A cellular model, PReMISe, which was designed for the prediction of elastic modulus of quasi-brittle and porous materials, has been employed in cortical bones. From this, the intrinsic elastic moduli of cortical bone have been obtained, with a good agreement with literature measurements by nanoindentation. To characterize the fracture resistance of trabecular bone, which has a very complex porous microstructure, in situ tomographs of a pre-notched test specimen were analysed to extract the averaged displacement fields from DVC to allow J integral calculation using the JMAN code. The obtained critical stress intensity factor (K) has a good agreement with literature