Characterization of Chlorella sorokiniana, UTEX 1230

This paper characterizes the strain Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1230 within a laboratory setting using a 1 L bubble column. The findings show that productivity can be trebled under mixotrophic conditions (from 0.2 g·L−1·d−1 to 0.66 g·L−1·d−1) with the addition of sodium acetate. The results also indicate that both the growth rate and final yield increase with the cultivation temperature, with most parameters showing an optimum in the range of 30–35 °C. The maximum specific growth rate was found to be in the region of 0.12 h−1 at a surface irradiance between 100–500 µE·m−2·s−1. This high growth rate makes the strain particularly suited to the rapid production of biomass, suitable for either whole cell bioprocessing or bioremediation. However, the relatively low lipid productivity (9.2 mg·L−1·d−1) confirms previous findings which would indicate poor applicability for biodiesel production. The strain shows greater promise in wastewater treatment applications with removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the region of 37 and 30 mg·L−1·d−1 respectively. Furthermore, the findings show that a fed-batch strategy to inorganic nutrient loading can increase the final yield by around 50% compared to a conventional batch run. This is particularly interesting as fed-batch production techniques are rarely used within microalgal cultivation, so provide an interesting avenue for further investigation. Overall, the findings show that C. sorokiniana UTEX 1230 is a robust and fast-growing microalgal strain suitable both for the laboratory and scale-up

Using agro-industrial wastes for mixotrophic growth and lipids production by the green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana

There has been growing interest in the use of microalgae for the production of biofuels, but production costs continue to be too high to compete with fossil fuel prices. One of the main limitations for photobioreactor productivity is light shielding, especially at high cell densities. The growth of the green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana, a robust industrial species, has been evaluated under different trophic conditions with traditional carbon sources, such as glucose and sucrose, and alternative low cost carbon sources, such as carob pod extract, industrial glycerol and acetate-rich oxidized wine waste lees. The mixotrophic cultivation of this microalga with wine waste lees alleviated the problems of light shielding observed in photoautotrophic cultures, improving specific growth rate (0.052 h-1) compared with the other organic sources. The fed-batch mixotrophic culture of Chlorella sorokiniana in a 2 L stirred tank reactor, with optimized nutritional conditions, 100 mM of acetate coming from the oxidized wine waste lees and 30 mM of ammonium, produced an algal biomass concentration of 11 g L-1 with a lipid content of 38 % (w/w). This fed-batch strategy has been found to be a very effective means to enhance the biomass and neutral lipid productivity.Research grants from theSpanish (AGL2016-74866-C32R-AEI/FEDER) and European governments(INTERREG VA-POCTEP- 2014-2020; 0055_ALGARED_PLUS_5_E) and the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) through the grant UID/MAR/00350/2013 to the CIMA of the University of Algarve. We thank Dr.Molinari from the University of Milan, for kindly providing the Acetobacteracetiistrain. The help of CEIMAR University Excellence Campus is also acknowledged.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Women's Writing in the Croatian Post-war Lyric Poetry

Rad ne sadrži sažetak

Mystical Elements in E. A. Poe Works

U ovome radu govori se o neobičnom životu i o stvaralaštvu E. A. Poa koji je preteča kriminalističkih, detektivskih ili horror romana. Pojašnjava se romantizam kao književno razdoblje s naglaskom na njegovoj tematici s obzirom na odnos prema neobjašnjivom, mističnom, fantastičnom. U razdoblju romantizma stvara se širi krug čitalačke publike koja vjeruje kako su načela prave spoznaje intuicija, mašta i um pa dio ovoga rada objašnjava i ulogu čitatelja. Unutar epohe romantizma razvija se fantastična književnost u kojoj prepoznajemo romantičarsku sklonost „bijegu od stvarnosti“ u svijet mašte. Taj se svijet gradi na fantastičnom i na sumnji i kolebanju čitatelja i lika. Književni teoretičar Cvetan Todorov bavi se fantastičnim, čudnim i čudesnim na što se analiza Poeovih djela oslanja. Tematika fantastičnoga oslanja se na „ja - teme“ koje se bave odnosima između čovjeka i svijeta, odnosno izdvojenošću čovjeka od svijeta, i „ti - teme“ koje se bave odnosima čovjeka i njegovih želja i nesvjesnih nagona. U ovome radu pozornost se obratila i na gotičku književnost. Čitanjem i opažanjem elemenata fantastike i gotike kratke priče mogu se svrstati u žanr fantastičnog, no pomnijom se analizom, koja se provodi na strukturalnoj i semantičkoj razini, dolazi do zaključka kako priče zapravo pripadaju žanru čudesnoga ili čudnoga. Određivanje pripadnosti djela određenom žanru fantastične književnosti potkrjepljuje se i primjerima iz priča. U odabranim tekstovima izdvojeni su mistični elementi i elementi osobnih preokupacija, posebno osjećaji prolaznosti, osamljenosti, otuđenosti, straha i užasa.This paper deals with the unusual life and creativity of E. A. Po who is the forerunner of, what is later to be known as, criminal, detective or horror novels. Romanticism is described as a literary period with an emphasis on its theme with regard to the relation to the unexplainable, mystical, fantastic. In the period of romance, a wider circle of readers is created, believing that the principles of real perception are intuition, imagination and mind, and part of this work also explains the role of readers. It is emphasized that fantastic literature is developing within the epoch of romanticism, in which we recognize the romantic tendency of "escape from reality" into the world of imagination. This world is built on the fantastic and on suspicion and swirling of readers and figures. Literary theorist Cvetan Todorov deals with the fantastic, strange and miraculous aspects that are also the basis of the analysis of Poe's work. The theme of fantasy relies on "I - themes" that deal with the relationship between man and the world, that is, the separation of man from the world, and the „you - themes" that deal with the human relation towards his desires and unconscious impulses. This paper also addressed Gothic literature. By reading and observing the elements of fantasy and gothic, short stories can be classified into a genre of fantastic, but a closer analysis, carried out on a structural and semantic level, leads to the conclusion that the stories actually belong to the genre of miraculous or strange. The clasification of a piece of work to a particular genre of fantastic literature is corroborated by examples from the analized stories . Selected texts contain mystical elements and elements of personal preoccupation, especially the feelings of passion, loneliness, alienation, fear and horror

Integrated production of algal biomass

Applied research is increasingly defined within a context of sustainability and ecological modernisation. Within this remit, recent developments in algal biotechnology are considered to hold particular promise in integrating aspects of bioremediation and bioproduction. However, there are still a number of engineering and biological bottlenecks related to large scale production of algae; including requirements to reduce both capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). One potential avenue to reduce these costs is via feedstock substitution and resource sharing; often described as industrial symbiosis. Such an approach has the benefit of providing both environmental and economic benefits as part of an ‘eco-biorefinery’. This thesis set out to investigate and address how best to approach some of the cost related bottlenecks within the algal industry, through a process of industrial integration and novel system design. The doctorate focussed on applications within a Northern European context and was split into four research topics. The first and second parts identified a suitable algal strain and were followed by the characterisation of its growth on wastewater; with the findings showing Chlorella sorokiniana (UTEX1230) capable of robust growth and rapid inorganic nutrient removal. The third part detailed the design, construction and validation of a lower cost and fully scalable modular airlift (ALR) photobioreactor, suitable amongst other applications for use within wastewater treatment. This work concluded with a pilot scale deployment of a 50 L ALR system. The fourth research section detailed the costs of ALR construction and operation at a wastewater treatment works, with a particular focus on the benefits that can be derived by industrial symbiosis. The thesis concludes with an appraisal of the ALR design and considers the potential for the technology, particularly within a wastewater treatment role. A final consideration is given to the practicalities of developing the algal industry within the UK in the short to medium term

Effect of AM-induced Anisotropy on the Surface Integrity of Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti6Al4V Machined Parts

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on the surface integrity of electron beam melted ti6al4v after machining

Abstract The Additive Manufacturing process known as Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is increasingly used to produce Ti6Al4V biomedical parts, whose functional surfaces, however, need to be machined afterwards. The paper addresses the fundamental issue of surface integrity of EBM parts when subjected to machining operation under dry, flood and cryogenic cooling conditions. The machined surface integrity is evaluated in terms of microstructural and mechanical features, residual stresses, surface topography and defects. Results are then compared to the outcomes of the same machining tests carried out on the conventional wrought alloy. This study points out the different machinability of the two investigated alloys, highlighting that new insights into optimization of parameters for machining AM alloys are needed

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLER IN COMPANIES LISTED ON THE ZAGREB AND FRANKFURT STOCK EXCHANGE

Suvremeni uvjeti poslovanja potiču razvoj kontrolinga i povećavaju potražnju za kontrolerima. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja o obilježjima kontrolera u 30 najvećih hrvatskih dioničkih društava na Zagrebačkoj burzi provodi se usporedba sa značajkama kontrolera u njemačkim dioničkim društvima iz uzorka DAX indeksa Frankfurtske burze. Istražuju se različiti aspekti profila kontrolera i uspoređuju rezultati dvaju istraživanja. Cilj istraživanja je identificirati te usporediti tipični profil kontrolera u poduzećima Zagrebačke i Frankfurtske burze. Rezultati komparativne analize pokazuju kako se zbog povijesnih, ekonomskih i drugih egzogenih i endogenih razloga profil kontrolera u poduzećima Zagrebačke i Frankfurtske burze tek dijelom razlikuje. Pored značajnih sličnosti postoje i razlike u obilježjima; one mogu biti poticaj za daljnji razvoj kontrolera u poduzećima u Hrvatskoj.Controlling becomes nowadays a more complex and dynamic function, as well as an essential component of successful business. Based on the research about the level of controller development in the 30 biggest Croatian companies on the Zagreb stock exchange, the paper examines the development convergence with German companies included by the DAX index of the Frankfurt stock exchange. In this paper results of two surveys are being compared. The conclusion lies in the fact that because of historical, economic and other endogenous and exogenous reasons controller partly varies in the German and in the Croatian companies. However, the development of controlling in Croatian companies has an incomparably great potential

Obilježja kontrolinga u dioničkim društvima na Zagrebačkoj burzi

Cilj istraživanja je prepoznati suvremenu razinu razvoja kontrolinga na nacionalnoj razini na uzorku 30 najvećih dioničkih društava koja kotiraju na Zagrebačkoj burzi i time stvoriti vrijedan benchmark u hrvaskom kontrolingu. Također, prikazuje se profil prosječnog kontrolera u velikom dioničkom društvu i iznose se mišljenja, stavovi te ocjene hrvatskih kontrolera o danim aspektima kontrolinške prakse. Zaključuje se da kontroling u Hrvatskoj ima neusporedivo veliki razvojni potencijal te da njegova uloga kao aktivnog nositelja poslovnog uspjeha sve više dobiva na važnosti

Combined remediation and lipid production using Chlorella sorokiniana grown on wastewater and exhaust gases

Substitution of conventional feedstock with waste based alternatives is one route towards both remediation and reducing costs associated with production of algal biomass. This work explores whether exhaust gases and wastewater can replace conventional feedstock in the production of biomass from Chlorella sorokiniana. Exhaust gases were used to augment production in final effluent, anaerobic digester centrate or in standard medium. Cultures were grown in 1 L bottles under illumination of 80 μmol m−2 s−1. The results showed an average μmax ranging between 0.04 and 0.07 h−1, whilst the final biomass yield in different media ranged between 220 and 330 mg L−1. Lipid yield was increased over time to 31 mg L−1. CO2 addition resulted in complete nitrogen removal between 48 and 96 h in both final effluent and centrate. The results also indicated that levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases can be reduced by between 20% and 95%