Evolution and Faith: Clarified Terminology and Reasonable Debate

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay\u27s first paragraph. In recent years the news media have characterized the theory of evolution as contentious and that science and religion are incompatible. The so-called debate is fomented self-labeled scientist/believers who claim that the theory of evolution is scientifically ambiguous at best, contending that intelligent design is a viable alternative ―scientific‖ theory. What follows below is an attempt to illustrate how the contentiousness of the issue follows from a misuse of language the ignorance of which falsely enables the so-called debate to continue. At issue is the ambiguous meaning of the word ―random‖—specifically, the scientific sense of random mutations that drive evolution versus the popular meaning of random as unplanned. First I start with some background information about biological evolution and the various theological interpretations prevalent in Christian theological understanding of creation

The Lens of Faith

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay\u27s first paragraph. For seven years during the nineties, I taught a course at St. Michael’s College in the University of Toronto called Christianity and Science. It served as an introduction to the science division of the Christianity and Culture Program. In that context, it illustrated the essential relationship that Christianity has had to the development of the modern disciplines of natural science out of the ancient and Medieval discipline of natural philosophy. It was a full-year course. The first semester introduced to the students a lesson that many did not expect and some were reluctant to accept: that the scientific knowledge which we hold as certain, can only be described as provisional at best. Some were loath to accept this because the lens of culture has focused upon us the opposite image of absolute certainty

Incarnational Development

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay\u27s first paragraph. Aside from the certainty of birth and death, all other qualities of human life are propositional. We were born; we will die … these are the axiomatic statements of human life – i.e., self-evident. We need no proof of their truth, certainly there can be no argument. Anything else we say about human life contains the words “if” and “then” as bridge elements of the inherent uncertainty of life. This “if/then” grammatical structure implies by necessity the influence of external factors that determine and qualify their truth content. If I live until I am 14, then my voice may by then have changed. If I live until I am 24 then I may by then graduate with a BA etc. If/then bridges the numerous possibilities that can happen as contingencies of life

Review of Lyric Opera Production of Show Boat

The premiere effort of the Renée Fleming Initiative brought Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein’s masterpiece Show Boat to the Lyric Opera stage, demonstrating an annual commitment to producing works of the American musical theatre. As Lyric’s general director Anthony Freud asserted in an open letter to patrons, “great works of musical theatre profit enormously from the resources of a major opera company.” While Francesca Zambello’s lavish production may have affirmed that statement within the context of the opera house, little attention was paid to the elements that make American musical theatre generically different from opera, most notably book scenes with storytelling and narrative expressed through realistic spoken dialogue. Such scenes often require a style of acting that conveys relationship and emotional content through nuance and subtlety, rather than through size and scale. Some elements of Zambello’s production served the scope and scale of the musical very well, while others robbed it of a sense of realism or fluidity. Indeed, the Lyric production conjured ghosts from what one might imagine to be the original Ziegfeld production of 1927, evident in static stage pictures of massive ensembles framed by elaborate scenography. The Lyric production may have revived the work and injected it with fresh color and sound, but it neither reinvented it nor provided any new illumination to the eighty-five-year-old piece. If this is to be an ongoing tradition, the Lyric will need to find a way to adequately address those generic differences between opera and musical theatre, especially if it intends to produce more contemporary works

Graphene oxide nanoribbons induce autophagic vacuoles in neuroblastoma cell lines

Since graphene nanoparticles are attracting increasing interest in relation to medical applications, it is important to understand their potential effects on humans. In the present study, we prepared graphene oxide (GO) nanoribbons by oxidative unzipping of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and analyzed their toxicity in two human neuroblastoma cell lines. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid neoplasia in children. The hallmark of these tumors is the high number of different clinical variables, ranging from highly metastatic, rapid progression and resistance to therapy to spontaneous regression or change into benign ganglioneuromas. Patients with neuroblastoma are grouped into different risk groups that are characterized by different prognosis and different clinical behavior. Relapse and mortality in high risk patients is very high in spite of new advances in chemotherapy. Cell lines, obtained from neuroblastomas have different genotypic and phenotypic features. The cell lines SK-N-BE(2) and SH-SY5Y have different genetic mutations and tumorigenicity. Cells were exposed to low doses of GO for different times in order to investigate whether GO was a good vehicle for biological molecules delivering individualized therapy. Cytotoxicity in both cell lines was studied by measuring cellular oxidative stress (ROS), mitochondria membrane potential, expression of lysosomial proteins and cell growth. GO uptake and cytoplasmic distribution of particles were studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for up to 72 h. The results show that GO at low concentrations increased ROS production and induced autophagy in both neuroblastoma cell lines within a few hours of exposure, events that, however, are not followed by growth arrest or death. For this reason, we suggest that the GO nanoparticle can be used for therapeutic delivery to the brain tissue with minimal effects on healthy cells

Autophagy generates citrullinated peptides in human synoviocytes: a possible trigger for anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies

OBJECTIVES: Autophagy may represent a functional processing event that creates a substrate for autoreactivity. In particular, autophagy may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA, since autophagy is a key cellular event involved in the generation of citrullinated peptides, with consequent breakage of tolerance. Thus, in RA, autophagy may be the common feature in several situations (including smoking, joint injury and infection) that may drive the adaptive responses to citrullinated self-proteins. The aim of this study was the analysis, in vitro, of the role of autophagy in the generation of citrullinated peptides and, in vivo, of the relationship between autophagy and the production of anti-CCP antibodies (Abs). METHODS: For autophagy induction, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, primary fibroblasts and monocytes were stimulated with tunicamycin or rapamycin. Peptidyl arginine deiminase activity was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and protein citrullination was evaluated by western blotting. The main citrullinated RA candidate antigens, vimentin, α-enolase and filaggrin, were demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. The relationship between autophagy and anti-CCP Abs was analysed in 30 early-active RA patients. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated in vitro a role for autophagy in the citrullination process. Cells treated with tunicamycin or rapamycin showed peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 activation, with consequent protein citrullination. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments, using specific Abs, identified the main citrullinated proteins: vimentin, α-enolase and filaggrin. In vivo, a significant association between levels of autophagy and anti-CCP Abs was observed in treatment-naïve early-active RA patients. CONCLUSION: These findings support the view that the processing of proteins in autophagy generates citrullinated peptides recognized by the immune system in RA

Endothelial dysfunction markers as a therapeutic target for Sildenafil treatment and effects on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a role in diabetic cardiovascular complications. Hyperglycemia increases cytockines involved in vascular inflammation. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) exerts a relaxation on corpora cavernosa and has cardioprotective properties. The effect of chronic sildenafil treatment, on ED markers and metabolic parameters in a non-randomized study on men with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), was investigated

Special Olympics participation in school age children with mental retardation and its effects on self-esteem

A comprehensive review of the literature and interviews with local experts has found a paucity of research on the self-esteem of school-age children with mental retardation. Long (1995), Zic & Igric (2001) and Siperstein & Leffert (1997) found lower self-esteem in self-report measures completed by mentally retarded children and adults. However, the psychometric properties of selfesteem self-report measures have been questioned repeatedly, finding insufficient reliability and validity when applied to mentally retarded populations (Finlay & Lyons, 2001; Widaman et al., 1992). The purpose of this study is twofold; the first goal is to determine the average self-esteem for mentally retarded children enrolled in BOCES classes, as observed by experienced teachers. The second purpose of this study is to determine the benefits, if any, of Special Olympics participation on the self-esteem of these children