The varieties of remembered experience: Moving memory beyond the bounded self

We review the contributions to this Special Issue that highlight the diverse ways in which memory takes place that go beyond the standard personal autobiographical memory and its reliance on internal imagery. We look at how contributors explore a highly individual memory of trauma and re-consider it as a complex, socially contested phenomenon. We next turn to a discussion of shared memory within dyads and then look at a contribution that examines bodily and gestural alignment during shared recollection among group members and/or families. From there, contributors raise considerations of collective memory in prisoner-of-war survivors and among football fans attending a World Cup event. The next contribution illustrates how collective forgetting creates social bonds in a similar manner to collective remembering. Finally, we show how the boundaries of memory are being stretched by digital technology through its influence on how we recall and share memories. Methodological innovations are also discussed

Reflective-verbal language and reverie in a qualitative interview

In contrast to dominant approaches to therapy research that look at outcomes and focus on large samples, another primary strand of research considers microphenomenal processes and focuses on small samples. This study contributes to the latter genre in regard to the implicit impact of language. Aim: This study aims to apply relational psychotherapeutic thinking about empathic dialogue, specifically the concepts of reflective-verbal language and reverie, to qualitative interviewing. Methodology: An example from a small-scale study about emotionally evocative language is reviewed in detail, focusing on the interviewer’s phenomenological experience of her conversation with a participant in a qualitative interview. Findings: The authors argue that the interviewer’s reflexive awareness of her reveries and the reflective verbal nature of the research dialogue gave her an alternative perspective on the participant’s (and her own) experience. Implications: The study highlights the value within research and practice of maintaining awareness of language at a microphenomenal level, using techniques based on the principles of psychological therapy

Variations in Soil 87Sr/86Sr, and its Influence on Stream Water Geochemical Evolution in Eight Rapidly Urbanizing Watersheds in Austin, TX

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Gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles form a distinct entity from gut microbiota

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoparticles secreted by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, carry various biomolecules and cross biological barriers. Gut microbiota-derived EVs are currently being investigated as a communication mechanism between the microbiota and the host. Few clinical studies, however, have investigated gut microbiota-derived EVs. Here, we show that machine learning models were able to accurately distinguish gut microbiota and respective microbiota-derived EV samples according to their taxonomic composition both within each data set (area under the curve [AUC] 0.764–1.00) and in a cross-study setting (AUC 0.701–0.997). These results show that gut microbiota-derived EVs form a distinct taxonomic entity from gut microbiota. Thus, conventional gut microbiota composition may not correctly reflect communication between the gut microbiota and the host unless microbiota-derived EVs are reported separately.Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoparticles secreted by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, carry various biomolecules and cross biological barriers. Gut microbiota-derived EVs are currently being investigated as a communication mechanism between the microbiota and the host. Few clinical studies, however, have investigated gut microbiota-derived EVs. Here, we show that machine learning models were able to accurately distinguish gut microbiota and respective microbiota-derived EV samples according to their taxonomic composition both within each data set (area under the curve [AUC] 0.764–1.00) and in a cross-study setting (AUC 0.701–0.997). These results show that gut microbiota-derived EVs form a distinct taxonomic entity from gut microbiota. Thus, conventional gut microbiota composition may not correctly reflect communication between the gut microbiota and the host unless microbiota-derived EVs are reported separately

An Application of the Concept of the Therapeutic Alliance To Sadomasochistic Pathology

This paper traces the history of the therapeutic alliance concept, examining how it has been used and misused, at times elevated to a central position and at others rejected altogether. The loss of this concept created a vacuum in classical psychoanalysis that has been filled by rival theories. The continuing usefulness of looking at the treatment process through the lens of the therapeutic alliance, particularly in relation to the manifold difficulties of working with sadomasochistic pathology, is suggested. To this end, revisions of the theory of the therapeutic alliance are suggested to address some of the difficulties that have arisen in conceptualizing this aspect of the therapeutic relationship, and to provide an integrated dynamic model for working with patients at each phase of treatment. This revised model acknowledges the complexity of the domain and encompasses the multiple tasks, functions, partners, and treatment phases involved. The utility of the revised theory is illustrated in application to understanding the sadomasochistic, omnipotent resistances of a female patient through the phases of her analysis.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66889/2/10.1177_00030651980460031301.pd

Negative expectations of treatment: Some ideas about the source and management of two types

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44352/1/10615_2005_Article_BF01786039.pd

The Talking Cure as Action: Freud's Theory of Ritual Revisited

Freud made creative use of late Victorian theories of ritual as empty modes of behavior, using the idea of seemingly meaningless ritual to offer a compelling comparison with obsessive behavior. However, analytic hours, with their repetitive frame and repetition of unconscious conflicts, have stronger links with rituals than Freud admitted. Recent theories highlight the extensive power of rituals to organize and instantiate models of effective action, especially in terms of the multifunctionality of language. These new theories of ritual offer in turn new tools for understanding the therapeutic action of analytic hours. © 2011 Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis