The modular structure of the adaptive machine learning system

Machine learning system based on the modular structure can tune to particular subject area flexibly and form the optimal individual educational trajector

HCV IRES manipulates the ribosome to promote the switch from translation initiation to elongation.

The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) drives noncanonical initiation of protein synthesis necessary for viral replication. Functional studies of the HCV IRES have focused on 80S ribosome formation but have not explored its role after the 80S ribosome is poised at the start codon. Here, we report that mutations of an IRES domain that docks in the 40S subunit's decoding groove cause only a local perturbation in IRES structure and result in conformational changes in the IRES-rabbit 40S subunit complex. Functionally, the mutations decrease IRES activity by inhibiting the first ribosomal translocation event, and modeling results suggest that this effect occurs through an interaction with a single ribosomal protein. The ability of the HCV IRES to manipulate the ribosome provides insight into how the ribosome's structure and function can be altered by bound RNAs, including those derived from cellular invaders

The nucleus acts as a ruler tailoring cell responses to spatial constraints

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThe microscopic environment inside a metazoan organism is highly crowded. Whether individual cells can tailor their behavior to the limited space remains unclear. Here, we found that cells measure the degree of spatial confinement using their largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus. Cell confinement below a resting nucleus size deforms the nucleus, which expands and stretches its envelope. This activates signaling to the actomyosin cortex via nuclear envelope stretch-sensitive proteins, upregulating cell contractility. We established that the tailored contractile response constitutes a nuclear ruler-based signaling pathway involved in migratory cell behaviors. Cells rely on the nuclear ruler to modulate the motive force enabling their passage through restrictive pores in complex three-dimensional (3D) environments, a process relevant to cancer cell invasion, immune responses and embryonic developmentThe research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement PCOFUND-GA-2013-609102, through the PRESTIGE programme coordinated by Campus France. A.J.L. was supported by the Marie Curie & PRESTIGE Fellowship (grant 609102), London Law Trust Medal Fellowship (grant MGS9403), and a Career Grant for Incoming International Talent (grant 875764) from the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). D.J.M. was supported by the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering. This work was also supported by the Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes-IPGG (Equipement d’Excellence, “Investissements d’avenir,” program ANR-10-EQPX-34 and Laboratoire d’Excellence, “Investissements d’avenir” program ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL and ANR-10-LABX-31. This work was additionally supported by the Institut National du Cancer (INCa grant 2018-PL Bio-02) to M.P. and INCa (grant 2019-PL BIO-07) and INSERM Plan Cancer Single Cell (grant 19CS007-00) to N.M. and M.P. R.J.P. was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01GM126054. R.F. received funding from the National Institutes of Health (grants R35GM133522-01 and R33CA235254-02). J.M.G.G. was financed by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI17/01395; PI20/00306) and I3 SNS program. M.D. was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (grant K99GM123221). N.S.D.S. received a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (DCBIO 751735) and an EMBO Long-Term Fellowship (ALTF 1298-2016). I.Z. was supported by a Metchnikov Fellowship from the Franco-Russian Scientific Cooperation Program and the Russian Science Foundation (grant 16-15-10288

Status of ART-XC/SRG Instrument

Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) is an X-ray astrophysical observatory, developed by Russia in collaboration with Germany. The mission will be launched in March 2016 from Baikonur, by a Zenit rocket with a Fregat booster and placed in a 6-month-period halo orbit around L2. The scientific payload consists of two independent telescopes - a soft-x-ray survey instrument, eROSITA, being provided by Germany and a medium-x-ray-energy survey instrument ART-XC being developed by Russia. ART-XC will consist of seven independent, but co-aligned, telescope modules. The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is fabricating the flight mirror modules for the ART-XC/SRG. Each mirror module will be aligned with a focal plane CdTe double-sided strip detectors which will operate over the energy range of 6-30 keV, with an angular resolution of less than 1, a field of view of approximately 34 and an expected energy resolution of about 10 percent at 14 keV

Mathematical description of stress-strain state of trunnion of ball mill taking into account temperature field

The article considers the trunnion of a ball mill in the framework of theory of elasticity, which is subjected to an uneven thermal impact due to the heating of the load. Equations describing the radial displacement of the point inside the trunnion of a ball mill are obtained. The equations describing the movement of trunnion points of the ball mill are derive

“Overcoming Inhuman Difficulties”: I.V. Stalin Crimean State Medical Institute in the Period of the Great Patriotic War (According to Documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation)

Introduction. The article focuses mainly on the activities of I.V. Stalin Crimean State Medical Institute during the Great Patriotic War, its main areas of work. Comprehensive scientific developments on this issue are not available in Russian historiography. Methods and materials. The research is carried out based on a variety of archival sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF, Moscow), which are introduced into scientific discourse for the first time. Various groups of documents are widely involved: correspondence of S.R. Tatevosov, director of the institute, with the authorities on the functioning of the university; directives, decrees of state institutions reflected in the activities of the medical institute; university reporting and planning documentation. Analysis. Employees and students of Crimean Medical Institute were forced to leave the peninsula after the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, from the moment of the threat of occupation of the Crimea. The university team had to be evacuated along the route: Armavir – Tbilisi – Krasnovodsk – Dzhambul – again Armavir – Ordzhonikidze – Baku – Krasnovodsk – Kzyl-Orda. Their wanderings lasted almost a year, however, the university did not stop its activities for a single day as the front was in dire need of medical specialists. Two turnouts graduated in Kzyl-Orda in incredibly difficult conditions. In total, from June 1941 to July 1944, the institute trained 850 doctors, wherefore the university staff was awarded with personal thanks of I.V. Stalin. Results. The heroic history of I.V. Stalin Crimean State Medical Institute during the Great Patriotic War has been restored. The activity of lecturers of the institute during the period of forced evacuation to the territory of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (the city of Kzyl-Orda) has been analyzed. The stage of resuming the work of the university after its re-evacuation to Simferopol has been recreated in detail, the measures taken to prepare for the beginning of the first academic year in the Crimea in the autumn of 1944 have been restored. In order to prepare the study, the authors have carried out a detailed historiographic analysis, and have selected the source base carefully

Selyamet Gerai Gazebo in Bakhchisarai Palace Complex

The plans of the Bakhchisarai Khan Palace of the 18th–20th centuries (G. Trombaro, W. Hastie, N. P. Krasnov, A. L. Rotach) feature an ‘Old Palace’ of the Crimean khans, probably built in the 16th century under Khan Sahib I Gerai (reigned in 1532–1551), and later sources only refer to a surviving gallery. Throughout its existence, the palace was guarded by the khans and was invariably restored after the destruction, being one of the first structures in the territory of the palace complex, serving as a symbol of Khan's power associated with the birth of the new capital – Bakhchisaray. In the 1820s the ‘Old Palace’ was dismantled as a completely dilapidated structure, but the restorers preserved its gallery, which was later named the Selyamet Gerai Gazebo. The gazebo with a fountain in the center of the room, which stood on a high basement, with a marble colonnade and arched openings of a lancet shape, was decorated with stucco decor and painting in naturalistic and baroque style, which was included in the art and craft of Turkey and the Crimean Khanate in the second half of the 16th–18th centuries. The gazebo was destroyed in the middle of the 20th century