The FishPath approach for fisheries management in a data- and capacity-limited world

Successful fisheries management systems tend to be underpinned by harvest strategies, specifying formally agreed data collection systems, assessment approaches and management measures used to regulate fishing pressure. While harvest strategies can be effective even in data- and capacity-limited (DCL) situations, their development remains challenging in such contexts. We present a process and decision-support tool, FishPath, to guide the identification of suitable harvest strategy component options given often debilitating conditions: (i) resource limitations and lack of technical management capacity; (ii) ‘uniqueness’ of DCL fisheries; (iii) the concept of harvest strategies is unfamiliar to managers and scientists, and the universe of options is hard to navigate; and (iv) the lack of an effective participatory process to identify solutions tailored to local contexts. These conditions can lead to either management paralysis or generic solutions that may be poor fits to specific conditions. The FishPath Tool uses a diagnostic questionnaire that elicits the key characteristics and specific circumstances of a fishery. It compares these with the requirements of alternative options from an inventory of possible harvest strategy components, identifies where these requirements are met and provides customised, transparent guidance on the appropriateness of component options of a harvest strategy, specific to the fishery of interest and its governance context. The FishPath Process is a facilitated multi-stakeholder, participatory engagement process aimed to set fisheries on the path to develop a harvest strategy. The FishPath Process and Tool combine to ensure a bottom-up, documented, transparent, replicable and efficient process

Pax9 is required for cardiovascular development and interacts with Tbx1 in the pharyngeal endoderm to control 4th pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

Developmental defects affecting the heart and aortic arch arteries are a significant phenotype observed in individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome and are caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11. TBX1, one of the deleted genes, is expressed throughout the pharyngeal arches and is considered a key gene, when mutated, for the arch artery defects. Pax9 is expressed in the pharyngeal endoderm and is downregulated in Tbx1 mutant mice. We show here that Pax9-deficient mice are born with complex cardiovascular malformations that affect the outflow tract and aortic arch arteries with failure of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch arteries to form correctly. Transcriptome analysis indicated that Pax9 and Tbx1 may function together, and mice double heterozygous for Tbx1/Pax9 presented with a significantly increased incidence of interrupted aortic arch when compared with Tbx1 heterozygous mice. Using a novel Pax9Cre allele, we demonstrated that the site of this Tbx1-Pax9 genetic interaction is the pharyngeal endoderm, therefore revealing that a Tbx1-Pax9-controlled signalling mechanism emanating from the pharyngeal endoderm is required for crucial tissue interactions during normal morphogenesis of the pharyngeal arch artery system

Avaliação do desempenho das atribuições do coordenador pedagógico junto às escolas carentes da região metropolitana da Grande São Paulo

O objeto de estudo central desta pesquisa foi a auto-avaliação do desempenho das atribuições do coordenador pedagógico junto às escolas carentes da Região Metropolitana da Grande São Paulo. Teoricamente, seu, projeto baseou-se no modelo de avaliação de StuffleabeamGuba (1971, 1973). Entretanto, para resolver os problemas práticos referentes ao "como" identificar e/ou "construir" instrumentos adequados a roleta de dados sobre as atribuições desempenhadas pelo coordenador pedagógico, foi necessário elaborar o paradigma destas atribuições. Criticas e julgamentos não são feitos neste trabalho, pois, de acordo com o ponto de vista destes teóricos, tais tarefas não competem ao pesquisados. Foram elaborados: um paradigma das atribuições do coordenador pedagógico, cujas categorias e indicadores foram levantados mediante documentos formais vigentes, e um levantamento de problemas (situações e/ou condições) que pudessem estar interferindo na execução das atribuições do coordenador pedagógico, em seu ambiente de trabalho. O universo populacional abrangeu 225 (duzentos e vinte e cinco) coordenadores pedagógicos em exercício, no período de 10 de agasto a 10 de setembro de 1979. Quanto ao instrumental metodológico, foram elaborados e validados, quanto ao conteúdo, dois instrumentos baseados no paradigma e no levantamento de problemas mencionados acima. A análise dos resultados obtidas como o instrumento nº1 possibilitou a caracterização da população e a averiguação das hipóteses que serviram de orientação do trabalho. Possibilitou, ainda, apontar o comportamento particular dos indicadores das diversas áreas do paradigma, elaborado. Em relação à análise dos resultados obtidas com o instrumento nº2, verificou-se como são percebidos pelos coordenadores pedagógicos os problemas Situações e/ou condições), apresentados. Em síntese, os objetivos atingidos por este trabalho foram: Elaboração de um paradigma das atribuições do coordenador pedagógico definidas nos dispositivos legais vigentes. Caracterização da população em estudo quanto aos dados: sexo, faixa etária, formação e anos de serviço na função. Elaboração de instrumentos de auto-avaliação das atribuições do coordenador pedagógico junto às escolas carentes da Região Metropolitana da Grande São Paulo. Averiguação das hipóteses que orientaram o trabalho. Levantamento dos problemas (situações e/ou condições) que têm interferido na execução das atribuições do coordenador pedagógico. Fornecer subsídios aos órgãos centrais para fim de tomada de decisões quanto a planejament

Laser conization assisted by crypt visualization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Objective: To describe intraoperative visualization of crypts and its effects on specimen clearance, safety, and clinical results of excisional treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods: We treated 147 patients with high-grade CIN (II-III) and colposcopically-assessed endocervical extension, using a CO, laser instrument in a day-hospital setting. Endocervical walls were stained preoperatively with a 2% methylene blue aqueous solution. Cervical conization was done by laser under colposcopic vision. Stromal incision and cone shape were directed laterally to the endocervical crypts by intraoperative visualization in transparency of the stain. Results: We were able to make stromal incisions at minimal and uniform radial distances from the cervical canal, thus allowing individualized cone shape and optimal bleeding control. Median (range) base diameter and height of specimens were 18 (13-24) and 20 (15-26) mm, respectively. The final histologic diagnosis was CIN II in 35 patients, CIN III in III, and microinvasive carcinoma in one. Endocervical disease extension was confirmed in 103 patients (70%); the median (range) length of CIN in the 99 evaluable cases was 15.6 (0.5-25.7) mm, and crypt involvement was found in 39 (26.5%). All lateral margins were free of dysplasia. Four specimens (2.7%) had positive apical margins. No significant complications occurred, and fertility did not seem to be impaired. With a median (range) follow-up period of 68 (60-92) months, only 1.4% of patients experienced recurrence; two patients, both with involved crypts, had recurrent dysplasia at 23 and 45 months, respectively. Conclusion: Laser microsurgical conization assisted by crypt visualization facilitates safe and complete removal of CIN extending into the endocervix