Gender Subtypes: -Is there a difference within gender subtypes regarding competence & warmth?

The aim of this study was to find female and male subtypes in Sweden and measure peoples’ perceptions of their competence and warmth. This was done through a qualitative survey that collected the subtypes, and a quantitative survey which measured opinions on the different subtypes. The results showed there was a significant difference in competence and warmth within female subtypes as well as male subtypes, indicating that people think there are different types of females and males. This could mean that if people were able to choose a gender subtype instead of general gender it will be possible to reduce gender stereotyping

Disruption of Children's Creativity

Kreativnost (stvaralaštvo) je pojam koji ima više značenja, to je misaoni proces stvaranja nečeg novog, originalnog, ali i sposobnost, vještina koja omogućava, izaziva produktivnost. Za razvoj kreativnosti u najranijoj dobi potreban je stručno osposobljen odgajatelj koji svojim postupcima neće ometati, nego razvijati dječju kreativnost. Istraživanja ukazuju da studenti-budući odgojitelji već na studiju imaju želju za produbljivanjem znanja kroz više praktičnih vježbi na pojedinim likovnim područjima i boljem poznavanju likovnih tehnika unutar studijskog programa, a na području metodike likovne kulture bi htjeli produbiti svoje znanje oblikovanja likovno-metodičkih igara (Blašković, Novaković, 2013). Stručna osposobljenost odgojitelja na likovnom području uključuje poznavanje likovne teorije i umjetnosti, likovno–kreativnog procesa, razumijevanje likovnog razvoja djece i metodički primjerenog planiranja likovnih aktivnosti. Cilj ovog rada je bio ispitati stajališta i mišljenja odgajatelja o kreativnosti, ulozi odgajatelja u poticanju dječje kreativnosti, načinima planiranja i izvođenja likovnih aktivnosti, pitanja o samoprocjeni poznavanja likovne umjetnosti i stajališta odgajatelja o potrebi dodatnog obrazovanja na likovnom području. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 70 odgajateljica kojima je ponuđen upitnik zatvorenog tipa pitanja. Rezultati dobiveni upitnikom govore da su odgajateljice svjesne svoje uloge u razvoju dječje kreativnosti te ih većina osjeća potrebu za dodatnim usavršavanjem, ali nisu svjesne da svojim pristupom likovnim aktivnostima ometaju taj razvoj. Osim upitnika, promatrale su se i dječje likovne aktivnosti, okruženje u kojem se nalaze djeca te postupci odgajateljica tijekom dječjih likovnih aktivnosti. Prateći likovne aktivnosti u vrtiću, uočeno je da odgajatelji djeci daju pojednostavljene oblike, već gotove proizvode koji 'olakšavaju' djeci likovno izražavanje i prikazivanje vlastitih doživljaja svijeta koji ih okružuje čime uskraćuju djeci prikazivanje njihovog vlastitog viđenja svijeta ili njihove mašte. Također, dječja okolina je puna stereotipnih prikaza nacrtanih i postavljenih od strane odgajatelja. U prostoriji u kojoj djeca borave dugotrajno su izloženi radovi druge djece koje djeca vrlo često kopiraju.Creativity is a term that has multiple meanings, it is thought process of creating something new, original, and the ability, a skill that allows, causing productivity. For develop creativity in an early age it is required educated preschool teacher who will not obstruct child's creativity with their action but develop. Research shows that students-future preschool teachers already at the college have a wish to deepen knowledge through more practical exercises on a different artistic areas, and better knowledge of the techniques in the study program, and in the area of teaching methods of art education they would like to deepen their knowledge about creating artistic-methodical games (Blašković, Novaković, 2013). Professional competence of preschool teachers at artistic area includes knowledge of art theory and art, artisticcreative process, understanding artistic development of children and methodical appropriate planning of art activities. The aim of this study was to examine the opinion of preschool teachers about creativity, the role of preschool teachers in encouraging the development of children's creativity, ways of planning and doing art activities, questions about the self-assessment of knowledge of the art and preschool teachers' opinions about the need for additional education on the artistic area. The results obtained by questionnaire tells that preschool teachers are aware of their role in development of children's creativity and most of them feel the need for improving their knowledge but are not aware that with their access they obstruct that development. Except the questionnaire, we observed children's art activities, environment in which children are and actions of preschool teachers during art activities. Following art activities in kindergarten, it was observed that preschool teachers give children a simplified form, ready-made products that 'facilitate' children artistic expression and presentation of their own experience of the world around them thus denying children show their own vision of the world or their imagination. Also, children's environment is full of stereotypical representations drawn and set out by preschool teachers. In the room, where children spend most of the time, are exposed children's drawings that other children often copied

Perceptions of Stakeholders on Community Health Volunteers’ Contribution to Immunization Uptake in Pokot South Sub-County, Kenya

Background : In developing countries, community health volunteers (CHVs) are instrumental in increasing immunization uptake. In Kenya, reports indicate that basic vaccination coverage reduced from 77% in 2008 to 71% in 2014 and the proportion of children fully immunized in West Pokot is only 31%. Little is known about the contribution of CHVs in the uptake of immunization services in Pokot South, Sub-County. The study, therefore, sought to establish the perceptions of CHVs contribution to the uptake of immunization services in Pokot South, Sub-County of West Pokot County. Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted in the study. The study employed a multi-stage sampling method to select villages, community units and households. The sample size was calculated using Yamane’s formula, resulting in 184 CHVs and 356 caregivers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and key informant interview schedules. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, version 21.0. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated to test the significance of the association between each independent and the dependent variable. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: Nearly all (96.2%) of the CHVs were recruited between 2008 and 2015. Moreover, the majority of the members of the community (92.1%) knew their CHVs. Over half (57.3%) were satisfied with the work done by the CHVs. The major challenges faced by CHVs in their work are poor community support (104, 31.2%) and poor transport (79, 23.7%). From the interviews, the community positively perceives the role of CHVs in the promotion of health in the study area. Conclusion: The community in Pokot South Sub-County of West Pokot believes that CHVs have made positive contributions to health care in the area. Recognition and respect for CHVs at the community level motivates them to play more active roles in community health interventions, despite the harsh environment in which they volunteer their services

In-vitro Untersuchung der bakteriellen Adhäsion auf Titanplatten mit einer zwitterionischen Beschichtung aus photopolymerisiertem Polysulfobetain-Methacrylat

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die bakterienabweisenden Eigenschaften des pSBMA zu untersuchen, indem Proben aus sandgestrahltem und säuregeätztem Titan (TiPurePlus, Firma Bego GmbH, Deutschland) per Photopolymerisation mit pSBMA beschichtet und anschließend in einer Bakteriensuspension aus einem Nährmedium und Enterococcus faecalis bakteriell besiedelt wurden. Die qualitative Auswertung erfolgte durch Fluoreszenzmikroskopie und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, die Auswertung der koloniebildenden Einheiten diente der quantitativen Bewertung. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass die Beschichtung mit pSBMA eine vielversprechende Strategie zur Verhinderung von bakterieller Adhäsion darstellen kann. Kommerzielle Titan-Substrate mit der superhydrophilen Beschichtung aus pSBMA scheinen resistent gegenüber physiologischen Salzkonzentrationen zu sein und zeigen im Vergleich mit unbeschichtetem Titan eine signifikant geringfügigere bakterielle Besiedlung mit Enterococcus faecalis. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass dieser Effekt auch bei anderen Bakterien zu beobachten ist. Aspekte wie in-situ Biodegradation und Osseointegration müssen hierbei berücksichtigt werden

Disruption of Children's Creativity

Kreativnost (stvaralaštvo) je pojam koji ima više značenja, to je misaoni proces stvaranja nečeg novog, originalnog, ali i sposobnost, vještina koja omogućava, izaziva produktivnost. Za razvoj kreativnosti u najranijoj dobi potreban je stručno osposobljen odgajatelj koji svojim postupcima neće ometati, nego razvijati dječju kreativnost. Istraživanja ukazuju da studenti-budući odgojitelji već na studiju imaju želju za produbljivanjem znanja kroz više praktičnih vježbi na pojedinim likovnim područjima i boljem poznavanju likovnih tehnika unutar studijskog programa, a na području metodike likovne kulture bi htjeli produbiti svoje znanje oblikovanja likovno-metodičkih igara (Blašković, Novaković, 2013). Stručna osposobljenost odgojitelja na likovnom području uključuje poznavanje likovne teorije i umjetnosti, likovno–kreativnog procesa, razumijevanje likovnog razvoja djece i metodički primjerenog planiranja likovnih aktivnosti. Cilj ovog rada je bio ispitati stajališta i mišljenja odgajatelja o kreativnosti, ulozi odgajatelja u poticanju dječje kreativnosti, načinima planiranja i izvođenja likovnih aktivnosti, pitanja o samoprocjeni poznavanja likovne umjetnosti i stajališta odgajatelja o potrebi dodatnog obrazovanja na likovnom području. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 70 odgajateljica kojima je ponuđen upitnik zatvorenog tipa pitanja. Rezultati dobiveni upitnikom govore da su odgajateljice svjesne svoje uloge u razvoju dječje kreativnosti te ih većina osjeća potrebu za dodatnim usavršavanjem, ali nisu svjesne da svojim pristupom likovnim aktivnostima ometaju taj razvoj. Osim upitnika, promatrale su se i dječje likovne aktivnosti, okruženje u kojem se nalaze djeca te postupci odgajateljica tijekom dječjih likovnih aktivnosti. Prateći likovne aktivnosti u vrtiću, uočeno je da odgajatelji djeci daju pojednostavljene oblike, već gotove proizvode koji 'olakšavaju' djeci likovno izražavanje i prikazivanje vlastitih doživljaja svijeta koji ih okružuje čime uskraćuju djeci prikazivanje njihovog vlastitog viđenja svijeta ili njihove mašte. Također, dječja okolina je puna stereotipnih prikaza nacrtanih i postavljenih od strane odgajatelja. U prostoriji u kojoj djeca borave dugotrajno su izloženi radovi druge djece koje djeca vrlo često kopiraju.Creativity is a term that has multiple meanings, it is thought process of creating something new, original, and the ability, a skill that allows, causing productivity. For develop creativity in an early age it is required educated preschool teacher who will not obstruct child's creativity with their action but develop. Research shows that students-future preschool teachers already at the college have a wish to deepen knowledge through more practical exercises on a different artistic areas, and better knowledge of the techniques in the study program, and in the area of teaching methods of art education they would like to deepen their knowledge about creating artistic-methodical games (Blašković, Novaković, 2013). Professional competence of preschool teachers at artistic area includes knowledge of art theory and art, artisticcreative process, understanding artistic development of children and methodical appropriate planning of art activities. The aim of this study was to examine the opinion of preschool teachers about creativity, the role of preschool teachers in encouraging the development of children's creativity, ways of planning and doing art activities, questions about the self-assessment of knowledge of the art and preschool teachers' opinions about the need for additional education on the artistic area. The results obtained by questionnaire tells that preschool teachers are aware of their role in development of children's creativity and most of them feel the need for improving their knowledge but are not aware that with their access they obstruct that development. Except the questionnaire, we observed children's art activities, environment in which children are and actions of preschool teachers during art activities. Following art activities in kindergarten, it was observed that preschool teachers give children a simplified form, ready-made products that 'facilitate' children artistic expression and presentation of their own experience of the world around them thus denying children show their own vision of the world or their imagination. Also, children's environment is full of stereotypical representations drawn and set out by preschool teachers. In the room, where children spend most of the time, are exposed children's drawings that other children often copied

Advances in metabolic engineering in the microbial production of fuels and chemicals from C1 gas

The future sustainable production of chemicals and fuels from non-petrochemical sources, while at the same time reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, represent two of society's greatest challenges. Microbial chassis able to grow on waste carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) can provide solutions to both. Ranging from the anaerobic acetogens, through the aerobic chemoautotrophs to the photoautotrophic cyanobacteria, they are able to convert C1 gases into a range of chemicals and fuels which may be enhanced and extended through appropriate metabolic engineering. The necessary improvements will be facilitated by the increasingly sophisticated gene tools that are beginning to emerge as part of the Synthetic Biology revolution. These tools, in combination with more accurate metabolic and genome scale models, will enable C1 chassis to deliver their full potential

Dokumentiranje odgojnoobrazovnog procesa

Kako bismo dijete podržali u njegovu razvoju, prvenstveno ga nastojimo razumjeti. Prvi korak na tom putu je izgradnja otvorenog i uvažavajućeg odnosa s djecom. U tom procesu dokumentiranje postaje alat za unapređenje kvalitete odgojnoobrazovne prakse. Ako prostor nazivamo trećim odgajateljem, dokumentaciju bismo zasigurno mogli nazvati trećim okom koje nam omogućuje uvid u djetetovo viđenje i poimanje stvarnosti

Manlighet Under Hot: Kommer män att ändra beteende under maskulinitetshot?

Tidigare forskning har visat att när mäns manlighet ifrågasätts genom ett så kallat maskulinitetshot, så kommer de tillfälligt att bete sig mer stereotypt manligt (Vandello, Bosson, Cohen, Burnaford & Weaver, 2008). Detta för att försöka visa inför andra män att de tillhör ingruppen män. I denna studie undersökte vi om maskulinitetshot kommer att få män att bli mer risktagande och mer intresserade av att agera som ledare, två stereotypt maskulina beteenden. Vi undersökte vidare om män är mer riskbenägna och mer intresserade av att agera som ledare än kvinnor, vilket tidigare forskning har visat. Resultaten visade ingen effekt av maskulinitetshot men signifikanta könsskillnader i riskbenägenhet och ledarskapsvilja hittades

13C-assisted metabolic flux analysis to investigate heterotrophic and mixotrophic metabolism in Cupriavidus necator H16

Introduction. Cupriavidus necator H16 is a gram-negative bacterium, capable of lithoautotrophic growth by utilizing hydrogen as an energy source and fixing carbon dioxide (CO2) through Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. The potential to utilize synthesis gas (Syngas) and the prospects of rerouting carbon from polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis to value-added compounds makes C. necator an excellent chassis for industrial application. Objectives. In the context of lack of sufficient quantitative information of the metabolic pathways and to advance in rational metabolic engineering for optimized product synthesis in C. necator H16, we carried out a metabolic flux analysis based on steady-state 13C-labelling. Methods. In this study, steady-state carbon labelling experiments, using either D-[1-13C]fructose or [1,2-13C]glycerol, were undertaken to investigate the carbon flux through the central carbon metabolism in C. necator H16 under heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth conditions, respectively. Results. We found that the CBB cycle is active even under heterotrophic condition, and growth is indeed mixotrophic. While Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway is shown to be the major route for sugar degradation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is highly active in mixotrophic condition. Enhanced flux is observed in reductive pentose phosphate pathway (redPPP) under the mixotrophic condition to supplement the precursor requirement for CBB cycle. The flux distribution was compared to the mRNA abundance of genes encoding enzymes involved in key enzymatic reactions of the central carbon metabolism. Conclusion. This study leads the way to establishing 13C-based quantitative fluxomics for rational pathway engineering in C. necator H16