Solar Neutron Events of October-November 2003

During the period when the Sun was intensely active on October-November 2003, two remarkable solar neutron events were observed by the ground-based neutron monitors. On October 28, 2003, in association with an X17.2 large flare, solar neutrons were detected with high statistical significance (6.4 sigma) by the neutron monitor at Tsumeb, Namibia. On November 4, 2003, in association with an X28 class flare, relativistic solar neutrons were observed by the neutron monitors at Haleakala in Hawaii and Mexico City, and by the solar neutron telescope at Mauna Kea in Hawaii simultaneously. Clear excesses were observed at the same time by these detectors, with the significance calculated as 7.5 sigma for Haleakala, and 5.2 sigma for Mexico City. The detector onboard the INTEGRAL satellite observed a high flux of hard X-rays and gamma-rays at the same time in these events. By using the time profiles of the gamma-ray lines, we can explain the time profile of the neutron monitor. It appears that neutrons were produced at the same time as the gamma-ray emission.Comment: 35 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

RECOVER Guidelines: Newborn Resuscitation in Dogs and Cats. Clinical Guidelines

Objective: To present evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for resuscitation of newborn puppies and kittens. Design: Prioritized clinical questions pertaining to newborn resuscitation and in the Population–Intervention–Comparator– Outcome (PICO) format were used to inform systematic literature searches by information specialists, to extract research findings from relevant publications and synthesize them into evidence, to assess this evidence for quality, and, finally, to develop draft treatment recommendations. These steps were followed by a consensus process and a community commenting period prior to finalization of the project. These RECOVER Newborn Resuscitation Guidelines are a concise summary of the newborn resuscitation process to provide clear and actionable clinical instructions to veterinary professionals. Setting: Transdisciplinary, international collaboration in university, specialty, and emergency practice. Results: A total of 28 PICO questions pertaining to resuscitation of puppies and kittens at birth were addressed in this project. This resulted in 59 treatment recommendations that delineate an iterative approach to newborn resuscitation starting with airway clearance, tactile stimulation, and temperature control, as well as positive pressure ventilation, and instruct on more advanced measures such as CPR. An algorithm displays the flow of assessments and actions over the course of the resuscitation process

RECOVER Guidelines: Newborn Resuscitation in Dogs and Cats. Evidence and Knowledge Gap Analysis With Treatment Recommendations

ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence on, to devise clinical recommendations for, and to identify critical knowledge gaps in resuscitation of newborn puppies and kittens.DesignStandardized, systematic evaluation of literature pertinent to newborn resuscitation following Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Prioritized questions were reviewed by Evidence Evaluators, and findings were reconciled by Domain Chairs and Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) Co-Chairs to arrive at treatment recommendations commensurate with the quality of evidence, risk-benefit relationship, and clinical feasibility. This process was implemented using an evidence profile worksheet for each question that included an introduction, consensus on science, treatment recommendations, justification for these recommendations, and important knowledge gaps. Treatment recommendations underwent a modified Delphi consensus process and were then distributed to veterinary professionals for comment for 2 weeks prior to finalization.SettingTransdisciplinary, international collaboration in university, specialty, and emergency veterinary practice.ResultsTwenty-eight questions pertaining to temperature management, respiratory and metabolic support, and CPR were addressed. Of the 59 treatment recommendations formulated, 21 concerned medications, 20 addressed respiratory measures, 20 provided guidance on CPR, and 3 related to temperature management. Taken together, the recommendations emphasize the importance of early administration of bag-mask ventilation in nonvigorous, severely bradycardic newborn puppies and kittens. Most recommendations are either expert opinion (n = 28) or based on very low quality of evidence (n = 26).ConclusionsSignificant uncertainty remains regarding most resuscitative interventions in newborn puppies and kittens at birth. However, through a comprehensive evaluation of the evidence and a consensus process that included considerations of feasibility, the resulting treatment recommendations lay the foundation for clear, actionable guidance in small animal newborn resuscitation. In addition, a list of prioritized knowledge gaps was identified to guide collaborative clinical research to overcome the significant lack of veterinary scientific data at present

Towards a positive cross-cultural lexicography: Enriching our emotional landscape through 216 ‘untranslatable’ words pertaining to well-being

Although much attention has been paid to culture-specific psychopathologies, there have been no comparable attempts to chart positive mental states that may be particular to certain cultures. This paper outlines the beginnings of a positive cross-cultural lexicography of ‘untranslatable’ words pertaining to wellbeing, culled from across the world’s languages. A quasi-systematic search uncovered 216 such terms. Using grounded theory, these words were organised into three categories: feelings (comprising positive and complex feelings); relationships (comprising intimacy and pro-sociality); and character (comprising personal resources and spirituality). The paper has two main aims. First, it aims to provide a window onto cultural differences in constructions of wellbeing, thereby enriching our understanding of wellbeing. Second, a more ambitious aim is that this lexicon may help expand the emotional vocabulary of English speakers (and indeed speakers of all languages), and consequently enrich their experiences of wellbeing. The paper concludes by setting out a research agenda to pursue these aims further

Benjamin’s ‘flâneur’ and serial murder: An ultra-realist literary case study of Levi Bellfield

This article seeks to develop criminological theory with the application of a literary device known as the ‘flâneur’ – an individual described as a ‘stroller’ – to serial murderer Levi Bellfield. With this application of the ‘flâneur’ to the phenomenon of serial murder, this article provides a fresh theoretical ‘lens’, and specifically sheds light on how particular serial murderers operate and evade detection in modern society. The importance of modernity to the phenomenon of serial murder is also considered utilizing Ultra-Realist theory, resulting in both a micro and macro examination into how the modern urban landscape has subsequently created an environment in which the serial killer both operates and comes to fruition. This synthesis between the application of literary devices, criminological theory and socio-cultural concepts not only raises important and previously neglected questions pertaining to serial murder, but also assists in forming the more sinister relative of the flâneur: the ‘dark flâneur’