Composite Fading Models based on Inverse Gamma Shadowing: Theory and Validation

We introduce a general approach to characterize composite fading models based on inverse gamma (IG) shadowing. We first determine to what extent the IG distribution is an adequate choice for modeling shadow fading, by means of a comprehensive test with field measurements and other distributions conventionally used for this purpose. Then, we prove that the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of any IG-based composite fading model are directly expressed in terms of a Laplace-domain statistic of the underlying fast fading model and, in some relevant cases, as a mixture of wellknown state-of-the-art distributions. Also, exact and asymptotic expressions for the outage probability are provided, which are valid for any choice of baseline fading distribution. Finally, we exemplify our approach by presenting several application examples for IG-based composite fading models, for which their statistical characterization is directly obtained in a simple form.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

Sector Financiero:El Efecto de la Regulación sobre el Sector de las Microfinanzas en Nicaragua Caso de Financiera Fama S,A Año 2008-2014

El presente trabajo analiza el efecto del marco regulatorio en las microfinanzas de Nicaragua. En el mercado microfinanciero en general impera la falta de una adecuada supervisión. Para alcanzar un nivel importante y proporcionar servicios apropiados a sus clientes, las instituciones de microfinanzas necesitan atraer capital privado y movilizar ahorros, para que esto suceda, deben estar reguladas y ser supervisadas, de ahí surge la necesidad de contar con un marco jurídico que permita a las instituciones financieras seguir brindando sus servicios a poblaciones tradicionalmente excluidas del sistema formal en condiciones más propicias para ambos. En Nicaragua la aprobación de la Ley 769: ―Ley de Fomento y Regulación de las Microfinanzas‖ en el año 2011 y la creación de la Comisión Nacional de Microfinanzas (CONAMI), que entró en operaciones en el 2012, le han dado un mayor impulso al sector. La nueva ley busca mejorar la transparencia de las tasa de interés. Las instituciones microfinancieras pueden fijar sus tasas, pero la regulación prohíbe agregar otros cargos a los prestatarios e impone máximos imputables para los cobros por pagos atrasados

Cluster analysis as a methodology within phylogenetic systematics to construct phylogenetic trees

All evolutionary studies of groups of species are based on the choice of appropriate characteristics for rebuilding their phylogenies (a phylogeny is the relationship or kinship among species in general and tries to reconstruct evolutionary relationships). A phylogenetic analysis reconstructs the evolutionary relationships between species, which descend from common ancestors and, furthermore, which are the genetic distances or separation times between these species [1]. To generate a phylogenetic analysis characters must have two requirements: independent of each other and be homologous, they have the same origin and the same function in all organisms Study The nature of those characters can be varied. Any source of validated and proved phylogenetic information can provide characters for an evolutionary study. Among the main evolutionary studies that have been developed stand two methods: The methods that have been taken as morphological characters base in which the presence of physical characteristics that describe the species is identified, and methods that have been based on molecular characteristics as the sequence DNA [2]. These characters are recorded in a data matrix within which, the state in which the character has been observed is represented with zero if it is absent or one if present respectively, and whether it is a character that may be present in the species with different values (multi-state) within the data matrix can be represented by the value corresponding to that character [2]. For this reason, homologous characters, once they have been validated and proven, may be taken as the basis for an evolutionary study because they provide enough information for the reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree

Ultrasonic evaluation of different types of mortas subjected to attack by pig slurry

This paper presents the mechanical behavior of different types of mortar subjected to attack by real pig slurry. The study of the behaviour of mortars was made by the ultrasonic velocity images, obtained by means of automatic inspection and mechanical test of compressive strength. The use of ultrasonic velocity has allowed the extraction of information on the state of damage to the inspected material. The results obtained from non-destructive ultrasonic tests were compared to destructive testing of compressive strength, and they showed how ultrasonic velocity in the degraded material correlates well with the compressive strength. This conclusion allows us to affirm that the ultrasonic velocity can be used to characterize the process of degradation in cement mortars attacked by pig slurry. The study proposes a mathematic model for estimating compressive strength by measuring variations in ultrasonic velocity

PSO-based method for svm classification on skewed data-sets

Support Vector Machines (SVM) have shown excellent generalization power in classification problems. However, on skewed data-sets, SVM learns a biased model that affects the classifier performance, which is severely damaged when the unbalanced ratio is very large. In this paper, a new external balancing method for applying SVM on skewed data sets is developed. In the first phase of the method, the separating hyperplane is computed. Support vectors are then used to generate the initial population of PSO algorithm, which is used to improve the population of artificial instances and to eliminate noise instances. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to improve the performance of SVM on imbalanced data-sets.Proyecto UAEM 3771/2014/CI

RAC1-Dependent ORAI1 Translocation to the Leading Edge Supports Lamellipodia Formation and Directional Persistence

Tumor invasion requires efficient cell migration, which is achieved by the generation of persistent and polarized lamellipodia. The generation of lamellipodia is supported by actin dynamics at the leading edge where a complex of proteins known as the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) promotes the required assembly of actin filaments to push the front of the cell ahead. By using an U2OS osteosarcoma cell line with high metastatic potential, proven by a xenotransplant in zebrafish larvae, we have studied the role of the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel ORAI1 in this process. We have found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) triggered an enrichment of ORAI1 at the leading edge, where colocalized with cortactin (CTTN) and other members of the WRC, such as CYFIP1 and ARP2/3. ORAI1-CTTN co-precipitation was sensitive to the inhibition of the small GTPase RAC1, an upstream activator of the WRC. RAC1 potentiated ORAI1 translocation to the leading edge, increasing the availability of surface ORAI1 and increasing the plasma membrane ruffling. The role of ORAI1 at the leading edge was studied in genetically engineered U2OS cells lacking ORAI1 expression that helped us to prove the key role of this Ca2+ channel on lamellipodia formation, lamellipodial persistence, and cell directness, which are required for tumor cell invasiveness in vivo.</p

VALOR AGREGADO EN AGROPRODUCTOS COMO ORIENTACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN AGROPECUARIA Y FORESTAL EN MÉXICO: PRESENTE Y PROSPECTIVA

Prospective vision research project to influence decisions maker's aware in the strategic vision research to public and private sectors to fortification actions in aggregate value to vegetal and animal products to forestry, agricultural and livestock sector using to evaluation the 58 expert's judgment (Delphi method) to different dedicated to agricultural, livestock and forestry research by means of the answer of a structured questionnaire, the used statistical measurement was the median and the values scale at 1 to 10, where 1 means less importance and 10 maximum importance. The selected subjects was 13 and the panellist valued the subject actual and future importance, as well as the anticipate evolution to importance that gives the public and private institutions to value aggregation.Actual and future importance, agricultural, livestock and forestry research institution, Delphi method, public and private sectors., Agribusiness,

Strength and porosity evolution of two cement mortar submerged in pig slurry

Pig slurry is an agricultural by-product used chiefly to fertilize cultivated fields. The demand for fertilizer depends on crop cycles. So, the slurry must be stored over long periods of time. In Spain, the lagoons of different depths generally used for such storage are made of brick covered with plain or reinforced concrete. Also, the slurry is in contact with other precast concrete structural members. The degradation of these structures may entail substantial economic loss, in patterned flooring especially, where deterioration-induced collapse can cause severe injury to the animals. The paper presents two aspects related to the durability of the mortar cements. In it addresses the variations observed in porosity and flexural and compressive strength in two types of cement mortar when submerged in pig slurry. The tests were conducted in a 100 m3 experimental lagoon. The mortars were exposed to three types of environments for 36 months: one outside the test lagoon and two submerged in it, at two different depths. Bending and compression measurements were taken after 3, 12, 24 and 36 months. In addition, 3, 24 and 36 month specimens were tested for total porosity and pore-size distribution