Is Exporting a Source of Productivity Spillovers?

This paper investigates whether exporting generates positive productivity spillover effects on other plants operating in the same industry and whether exporting affects productivity of plants in vertically related industries. Using plant-level data from Chile we find that exporters improve productivity of their local suppliers but not of plants that purchase intermediate inputs from them. We also find evidence of horizontal spillovers from exporting. Exporting by foreign-owned plants generates positive spillovers in all directions: to their suppliers, customers, and to other plants in the same industry. Domestic exporters increase productivity of their suppliers and, to a lesser extent, that of plants in the same sector.exporting, spillovers, productivity, vertical linkages, Chile

Entry and Exit in International Markets: Evidence from Chilean Data

Several studies examine the patterns and determinants of entry and exit in manufacturing industries. Not much work exists on entry and exit in international markets. This paper uses Chilean data to analyze the determinants of entry and exit in and out of export markets. We find that entry and exit rates differ across industries; vary over time; and are positively correlated. The econometric analysis shows that within-industry heterogeneity, measured by differences in productivity or other firm characteristics, has a significant effect on plant turnover in international markets. Our findings reveal that trade costs, factor intensities, and fluctuations in the real exchange rate play a minor role explaining entry and exit. This last result is consistent with hysteresis in international markets.Treatment Entry, Exit, International Markets, Chile

M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor facilitates the endocytosis of mu opioid receptor mediated by morphine independently of the formation of heteromeric complexes

Morphine inefficiency to induce the internalization of mu opioid (MOP) receptors observed in numerous experimental models constitutes a paradigm of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) functional selectivity. We recently described that activation of Gαq/11 proteins through 5-HT2A serotonin receptors co-expressed in the same cells facilitates MOP receptor endocytosis promoted by morphine. In order to explore whether a different Gαq/11 coupled GPCR would emulate this effect, a double stable Flp-In T-REx HEK293 cell line permanently expressing MOP-YFP receptors along with FLAG-M3-Cerulean receptors expressed in an inducible manner was generated. Fluorescence microscopy examination of these cells revealed a co-distribution of both receptors mainly compartmentalized in plasma membrane. Concurrent stimulation with carbachol and morphine promoted MOP receptor internalization, desensitization and down-regulation and this facilitation was not dependent on PKC activation. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that FLAG-M3-Cerulean/MOP-YFP receptors interact forming heteromeric complexes in a time depending manner, i.e. the strongest interaction was detected after 96h of FLAG-M3-Cerulean induced expression. Under these experimental conditions, treatment of cells with carbachol plus morphine resulted in the internalization of both receptors within separated endocytic vesicles as visualized by confocal microscopy. This trafficking segregation observed for FLAG-M3-Cerulean and MOP-YFP receptors upon agonist stimulation suggests that this protein-protein interaction presents temporal and dynamic properties. Moreover, MOP-YFP receptor internalization facilitated by FLAG-M3-Cerulean receptors is independent of the constitution of heteromeric complexes. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Trade Liberalization and Industry Dynamics: A Difference in Difference Approach

Recent models of trade with firm heterogeneity predict that opening to trade reduces the number of firms, increases the average size of firms, and decreases firms’ markups. This paper uses a large dataset for 28 manufacturing industries and 46 countries to test these predictions. The econometric analysis based on the treatment effects literature shows that on average, trade liberalizations do not decrease the number of firms nor increase the average size of firms. Markups appear to decrease during the three years after the liberalization. We also find that the number of firms and the average size of firms increase in comparative advantage industries.Trade Liberalization, Industry Dynamics, Treatment Effects

Coherence between values and successor socialization: Facilitating family business continuity

The problem of CEO succession is critically important yet unique and distinct from that of turnover at other levels. Research in management agrees with the findings in family business research regarding the preference for an insider as successor, more specifically a family insider. Successful family business continuity requires raising potential successors who will add value to the firm by seeking new opportunities and fostering entrepreneurship. Parties external to the firm are likely to view succession as a signal about the institution's future; this makes CEO succession a critical event for virtually every organization. In this paper the authors outline a model that presents the different coherent options for value transmission and successor socialization that facilitate family business continuity from first to second generation. The findings are grounded in combined qualitative and quantitative techniques applied to an extensive research project involving in-depth cross-case analysis. Based on the results, the authors identify issues that families and practitioners should take into account to maintain consistency during the succession process. Professionals can assist families in preparing for continuity by: 1) identifying family value systems; 2) analyzing the variables at play in the family-business system, and 3) proposing a coherent option of continuity that both family and business can pursue. The model presented in this paper is intended to help families and practitioners follow this path by pointing out coherent combinations of values and family business characteristics and different successor socialization processes.family business; succession; values; successors; socialization;

Síntesis de hidrotalcitas calcinadas Cu/Al y su evaluación catalítica en la obtención de Triazol- Dihidropirimidinonas (T-DHPM)

85 páginas. Maestría en Ciencias e Ingeniería de Materiales.Se sintetizaron materiales tipo hidrotalcita de cobre y aluminio con relaciones molares Cu:Al 1:1 y 3:1, las hidrotalcitas fueron sometidas a tratamiento térmico para obtener la hidrotalcita calcinada (correspondiente al óxido mixto CuAl(O). La hidrotalcita seca y calcinada fue caracterizada por las técnicas de difracción de rayos X, análisis térmico gravimétrico, microscopia electrónica de barrido, espectroscopía de rayos X característicos, adsorción de nitrógeno y espectroscopia de infrarrojo. La hidrotalcita seca y calcinada, se utilizó como catalizador heterogéneo en la obtención de compuestos orgánicos del tipo Triazol-Dihidropirimidinona (T-DHPM); dichos compuestos se obtuvieron siguiendo una metodología de tres pasos: (i) se llevó a cabo una reacción de propargilación del producto comercial p-hidroxibenzaldehido; (ii) después el producto propargilado se hizo reaccionar con acetoacetato de etilo y urea en una reacción de tres componentes (Reacción multicomponentes, MCR) tipo Biginelli obteniendo la dihidropirimidinona correspondiente; (iii) por último la dihidropirimidinona se hizo reaccionar con azida de sodio y haluros de bencilo (Reacción MCR de tres componentes tipo CuAAC) promovida por la hidrotalcita, en presencia de ascorbato de sodio, como agente reductor, para finalmente obtener los compuestos Triazol- Dihidropirimidinona. Los compuestos orgánicos T-DHPM fueron identificados por espectroscopia de infrarrojo, resonancia magnética nuclear de 1H y 13C; y espectroscopia de masas de alta resolución. Se evaluaron los compuestos orgánicos T-DHPM como inhibidores de corrosión del acero PI 5L X70 inmerso en una solución de HCl 1M, utilizando la técnica de Espectroscopía de impedancia electroquímica (EIS) obteniendo valores de eficiencia de inhibición de 90% a una concentración de 50 ppm de los Triazole-Dihidropirrimidinonas.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)

Non-analyticities in three-dimensional gauge theories

Quantum fluctuations generate in three-dimensional gauge theories not only radiative corrections to the Chern-Simons coupling but also non-analytic terms in the effective action. We review the role of those terms in gauge theories with massless fermions and Chern-Simons theories. The explicit form of non-analytic terms turns out to be dependent on the regularization scheme and in consequence the very existence of phenomena like parity and framing anomalies becomes regularization dependent. In particular we find regularization regimes where both anomalies are absent. Due to the presence of non-analytic terms the effective action becomes not only discontinuous but also singular for some background gauge fields which include sphalerons. The appearence of this type of singularities is linked to the existence of nodal configurations in physical states and tunneling suppression at some classical field configurations. In the topological field theory the number of physical states may also become regularization dependent. Another consequence of the peculiar behaviour of three-dimensional theories under parity odd regularizations is the existence of a simple mechanism of generation of a mass gap in pure Yang-Mills theory by a suitable choice of regularization scheme. The generic value of this mass does agree with the values obtained in Hamiltonian and numerical analysis. Finally, the existence of different regularization regimes unveils the difficulties of establishing a Zamolodchikov c-theorem for three-dimensional field theories in terms of the induced gravitational Chern-Simons couplings.Comment: 21 pages; Contribution to Ian Kogan Memorial Collection, ``From Fields to Strings: Circumnavigating Theoretical Physics'