Comparing diagnosis of depression in depressed patients by EEG, based on two algorithms :Artificial Nerve Networks and Neuro-Fuzy Networks

Background and aims: Depression disorder is one of the most common diseases, but the diagnosis is widely complicated and controversial because of interventions, overlapping and confusing nature of the disease. So, keeping previous patients’ profile seems effective for diagnosis and treatment of present patients. Use of this memory is latent in synthetic neuro-fuzzy algorithm. Present article introduces two neuro-fuzzy and artificial neural network algorithms as an aid for psychologists and psychiatrists to diagnose and treat depression. Methods: Neuro-fuzzy has been carried out using data evaluated by psychiatrists and scholars in Tabriz city with the convenience sampling method. Sixty-five patients were studied from whom 40 patients were taught feed forward, back propagation by artificial neural network algorithm and 14 patients were tested. An inductive neuro-fuzzy intervention created neuro-fuzzy rules to decide about depression diagnosis. Results: The proposed neuro-fuzzy model created better classifications. Reaching maximum accuracy of 13.97is appropriate in diagnosis prediction. The results of the present study indicated that neuro-fuzzy is more powerful than artificial neural network with accuracy 76.88. Conclusion: Findings of the research showed the depression scores of beck inventory can be predicted and explained with the accuracy of 87 using EEG in F4 and alpha peak frequency. It can be said that such accuracy in predicting can’t be obtained by any regression or route analysis method. The research can be the first step to predict and even identify depression using taking the data directly from the brain. So, there is no need for inventory and even a specialist diagnosis

Determining the relationship between depression and brain waves in depressed subjects using Pearson correlation and regression

Background and aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between brain waves and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) score in clinical cases with depression. Methods: In this study, EEG was taken using neurofeedback device at the point F4 of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of the brain of 60 depressed patients referred to psychiatric clinic. At the same time, Beck Depression Inventory was performed to assess the severity of depression. With the condition of artifact lower than 50, fourty one EEG related to the 41 subjects were remained after eliminating artifact. Results: The findings of this study confirm the mean decrease in alpha and theta waves and increase beta wave in the brain waves of depressed patients. Comprehensive analysis of the data with a multi-regression indicates a predictable BDI score at F4, based on two variables (mean beta and mean alpha) which reflects the depression increase by increased mean beta and decreased mean alpha according to the following equation: Depression based on Beck at F4 point is equal to: Beck’s depression score= mean beta (0.532)+mean Alpha (0.412). Conclusion: Due to rapid growth of the elderly population in the country as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, considering the needs of this age group is an important necessity

Occupational stress among male employees of esfahan steel company, Iran: Prevalence and associated factors

Background: Lack of data on occupational stress among Iranian industrial employees persuaded us to design and conduct this study to evaluate the prevalence and associated parameters of occupational stress among male employees of the Esfahan Steel Company (ESCO), one of the biggest industrial units in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 male employees were sampled from the operational divisions of the company. Socio-demographic data and stress-related variables were entered into a logistic regression to determine significant associated factors of occupational stress among the participants. Results: From all samples, 53 were found as stressful. A monthly salary of less than 600 (OR = 1.88, 95 confidence interval CI = 1.21-2.94), family-related problems (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.22-6.21), work environment (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.78-5.33) and having a second job (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.78-6.78) were significantly associated with the outcome. Conclusions: Attention to some variables, especially economic problems and the work environment of employees, might play a protective role against the prevalence of occupational stress, not only among the employees of ESCO but also among all industrial employees in Iran

Analysis of occupational stress and the related issues among employees of ٍEsfahan steel company (ESCO), Iran (2009)

زمینه و هدف: استرس شغلی زمانی بروز می کند که بین نیازهای شغلـــی با توانایی ها و قابلیت ها و خواسته های فرد هماهنگی وجود نداشته و می تواند مشکلات بهداشتی و ناهنجاری های اقتصادی به همراه داشته باشد. این مطالعه به منظور تعیین عواملی که منجر به استرس شغلی در کارکنان ذوب آهن اصفهان می گردد انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعــــه توصیفی-تحلیلی 400 نفر از کارکنان ذوب آهن اصفهان به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شــــدند. داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه مشخصات دموگرافیک و پرسشنامه DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) جمع آوری و به کمک آزمون های آماری کای دو و آنالیز رگرسیون لجستیک تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج، 53 از کارکنان دارای استرس شغلی بودند. بین سن، وضعیت تاهل، تجربه کاری، سواد و نوبت کاری کارکنان با استرس آنان رابطه معنی داری وجود نداشت. اما میزان استرس در کارکنان دارای مشکلات فرزندان، محیط کاری سخت تر، داشتن شغل دوم و حقوق ماهیانه کمتر از شش میلیون ریال بیشتر بود (05/0

Relationship of Spirituality and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 diabetes

Diabetes and its complications have a significant impact on patients' quality of life and spirituality can help improve the quality of life in such patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of spirituality with quality of life in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-correlation study. Participants were 145 individuals with type 2 diabetes, patients of rural health clinics and the Valiasr hospital in Khorramshahr city, selected via stratified random and sampling methods. Data collection tools were a version of 29-item of the spiritual questionnaire (Parsian and Dunning) and a version of 26-item of the Quality of Life Questionnaire (World Health Organization), both questionnaires with previously confirmed validity and reliability in numerous studies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and Pearson's correlation, T-test, ANOVA, Post Hoc and Stepwise Regression analytical statistics. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between spirituality and quality of life (p<0.0001). The results show a statistically significant relationship between spirituality and quality of life with both education and age. Conclusion: A strong correlation between spirituality and quality of life in patients with type II diabetes, demonstrates the roles and responsibilities of healthcare providers, including physicians, nurses and patients' families in meeting the varied spiritual and religious needs of patients along with their therapeutic management. Focusing on improving spiritual health is also important in education programs for these patients

Availability, accessibility, and coverage of needle and syringe programs in prisons in the European Union

Needle and syringe programs (NSPs) are among the most effective interventions to control infection transmission among people who inject drugs in prisons. This review aimed to evaluate the availability, accessibility, and coverage of NSP in prisons in the European Union countries. In line with the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” criteria, four databases of peer-reviewed publications (PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect), and 53 databases for grey literature were systematically searched to collect data published from January 2008 to August 2018. A total of 23,969 documents (17,297 papers and 6,672 grey documents) were identified, of them 26 were included into the study. In 2018, imprisonment rates in 28 EU countries ranged between 51 per 100,000 in Finland and 235 per 100,000 in Lithuania. Only four countries namely Germany (in one prison), Luxemburg (no coverage data were found), Romania (available in more than 50% of prisons), and Spain (in all prisons) have needle and syringe programs in prisons. Portugal stopped the program after a six-months pilot phase. Despite the protective impact of the prison-based NSP on infection transmission, only four EU countries distribute sterile syringes among people who inject drugs in prisons, and coverage of the program within these countries is very low. Since most prisoners will eventually return to the community, lack of NSP in EU prisons is not only a threat to the health of prisoners but also endangers public health

Reemergence of missing Shapiro steps in the presence of in-plane magnetic field

In the presence of a 4$\pi$-periodic contribution to the current phase relation, for example in topological Josephson junctions, odd Shapiro steps are expected to be missing. While missing odd Shapiro steps have been observed in several material systems and interpreted in the context of topological superconductivity, they have also been observed in topologically trivial junctions. Here, we study the evolution of such trivial missing odd Shapiro steps in Al-InAs junctions in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field $B^{\theta}$. We find that the odd steps reappear at a crossover $B^{\theta}$ value, exhibiting an in-plane field angle anisotropy that depends on spin-orbit coupling effects. We interpret this behavior by theoretically analyzing the Andreev bound state spectrum and the transitions induced by the non-adiabatic dynamics of the junction. Our results highlight the complex phenomenology of missing Shapiro steps and the underlying current phase relations in planar Josephson junctions designed to realize Majorana states

Magneto-anisotropic weak antilocalization in near-surface quantum wells

We investigate the effects of an in-plane magnetic field on the weak antilocalization signature of near-surface quantum wells lacking bulk and inversion symmetry. The measured magnetoconductivity exhibits a strong anisotropy with respect to the direction of the in-plane magnetic field. The two-fold symmetry of the observed magneto-anisotropy originates from the competition between Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings. The high sensitivity of the weak antilocalization to the spin texture produced by the combined Zeeman and spin-orbit fields results in very large anisotropy ratios, reaching 100%. Using a semiclassical universal model in quantitative agreement with the experimental data, we uniquely determine the values of the Dresselhaus and Rashba parameters as well as the effective in-plane g-factor of the electrons. Understanding these parameters provides new prospects for novel applications ranging from spintronics to topological quantum computing