Effect of Cichorium intybus L. on the expression of hepatic NF-κB and IKKβ and serum TNF-α in STZ− and STZ+ niacinamide-induced diabetes in rats

Additional file 3. Evaluation of metformin. The HPLC system consisted of PLATIN Blue (KNAUER, Germany) with a PDA detector. The wavelength was set at 233 nm. The column was Nucleosil-100, C-18 (250 4.6 mm, 5 nm). The software was EZChrom Elite. The mobile phase comprised 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (adjusted to pH 4.5 with glacial acetic acid) and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v). Analyses were run at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min and the samples were quantified using peak area. Initial weight of each 500 mg pill: Merck, 516.63 mg; and Chemidaru, 582.50 mg. 2.5, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg of the powdered pills were dissolved in 1 ml of deionized H2O. Merck metformin dissolved completely in water, whereas metformin from Chemidaru consisted of insoluble part. Injection volumes were 5 µl; each sample was injected only once. The corresponding peaks for 10 mg/ml sample and the resulting standard curves for two metformin brands are compared in graphs

Renoprotective effects of the methanolic extract of Tanacetum parthenium against carbon tetrachloride-induced renal injury in rats

Objective: Studies have demonstrated that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in many tissues including the kidney, heart, lung, brain, and liver. The major aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective activity of Tanacetum parthenium extract (TPE) in renal tissues of CCl4-intoxicated rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into seven groups of six rats. Group 1 was the control group that was not treated with CCl4. The rats in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, 1:1 in olive oil) on day 14. Rats in the groups bTPE40, bTPE80, and bTPE120 were gavaged with 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg of TPE, respectively for 14 constitutive days on a daily basis, before CCl4 administration. Rats in groups aTPE80 and aTPE120 were gavaged with 80 and 120 mg/kg of TPE, respectively, 2, 6, 24 and 48 hr after receiving CCl4. Blood samples were collected at the end of the 16th day through an intracardiac puncture and then serums were separated. Results: CCl4 increased urea, creatinine, uric acid and creatinine: albumin (C/A) ratio level in serum and decreased total antioxidant and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) when compared to the control group (

Feverfew attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular damage in rats

Introduction: Feverfew is an herbal medicine with the traditional usage of treating several disorders. Some investigations have demonstrated that feverfew is an effective remedy for the prophylactic treatment of inflammatory conditions, migraine and menstrual disorders. Therefore, this study was arranged out to evaluate the protective or curative potentials of feverfew methanolic extract (FME) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative trauma in testis. Methods: In this experiment, male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=6). Group I as a normal control received 1 mL/kg distilled water for 14 days orally and on the 14th-day olive oil (1.5 mL/kg, i.p.). Group II received 1 mL/kg distilled water orally for 14 consecutive days. Groups III, IV and V animals were pretreatment groups and treated with three different doses of FME (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, p.o, respectively) for 14 days. All groups except group one, were also intoxicated with 1.5 ml CCl4 (i.p, in a 1:1 dilution with olive oil) on the 14th day. Groups VI and VII were post-treatment groups and received FME (80 and 120 mg/kg, p.o, respectively) at 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after CCl4 injection. Results: Injection of CCl4 significantly (P < 0.001) reduced antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) and increased malondialdehyde when compared to the control group. Administration of FME significantly (P < 0.05) improved these alterations near to control rats. Conclusion: It is suggested that FME has the ability to protect testis against oxidative damage, possibly through antioxidant effects of its bioactive compounds

Feverfew attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular damage in rats

Introduction: Feverfew is an herbal medicine with the traditional usage of treating several disorders. Some investigations have demonstrated that feverfew is an effective remedy for the prophylactic treatment of inflammatory conditions, migraine and menstrual disorders. Therefore, this study was arranged out to evaluate the protective or curative potentials of feverfew methanolic extract (FME) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative trauma in testis. Methods: In this experiment, male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=6). Group I as a normal control received 1 mL/kg distilled water for 14 days orally and on the 14th-day olive oil (1.5 mL/kg, i.p.). Group II received 1 mL/kg distilled water orally for 14 consecutive days. Groups III, IV and V animals were pretreatment groups and treated with three different doses of FME (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, p.o, respectively) for 14 days. All groups except group one, were also intoxicated with 1.5 ml CCl4 (i.p, in a 1:1 dilution with olive oil) on the 14th day. Groups VI and VII were post-treatment groups and received FME (80 and 120 mg/kg, p.o, respectively) at 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after CCl4 injection. Results: Injection of CCl4 significantly (P &lt; 0.001) reduced antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) and increased malondialdehyde when compared to the control group. Administration of FME significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved these alterations near to control rats. Conclusion: It is suggested that FME has the ability to protect testis against oxidative damage, possibly through antioxidant effects of its bioactive compounds.</jats:p

Hepatoprotective effect of methanolic Tanacetum parthenium extract on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Tanacetum Parthenium Extract (TPE) on Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, biochemical factors, and liver enzymes in the rats damaged by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4).54 male Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups each consisting of 6 rats. Two of the groups were control groups (normal and damage control groups), 4 of them were exposure groups which were respectively administered with 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg of TPE and silymarin for 14 days before being damaged by CCl4, and the other 3 groups were post-treatment groups which received 80 and 120 mg/kg of TPE and silymarin 2, 6, 24, and 48 h after being injected with CCl4. At the end of the study, biochemical factors, serum liver enzymes, malondialdehyde level, antioxidant enzymes, and liver morphology were assayed.Pre- and post-treatment with TPE could significantly decrease ALT, AST, ALP, TG, LDL, TC, and glucose levels and increase HDL, and albumin levels and catalase, SOD, and GPx activities compared to the CCl4-damaged control group.The results of this study are indicative of the antioxidant activity of TPE, its potential hepatoprotective effects, and its probable therapeutic properties for laboratory animals damaged by CCl4. Keywords: Tanacetum parthenium, Carbon tetrachloride, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant enzymes, Liver damag

The Synergistic Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Cinnamon and Ginger on the Biochemical Parameters of CCl4-Intoxicated Rats

Background & objectives: Considering the importance of liver toxicity due to drugs and toxins as a major cause of liver damage, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the combination of cinnamon and ginger extracts on serum biochemical parameters in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- intoxicated rats.  Methods: In this experimental study, forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n=6). Three control groups including normal control, combined extract control and damaged control were designated that received distilled water, a mixture of cinnamon and ginger extracts and distilled water respectively for 14 days.  Other 4 groups were pre-treatment  groups which were treated with cinnamon (50 mg/kg/d), ginger (250 mg/kg/d), cinnamon + ginger (25+125 mg/kg/d) and silymarin (100 mg/kg/d) respectively for 14 days before being damaged by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (1 ml/kg, 1:1 in olive oil). Fifty - two hours after CCl4 injection, blood sampling was performed and biochemical parameters were measured in serum of rats. Results: The results of this study showed that the injection of CCl4 significantly increased the ALT and AST enzymes activity ,cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels and decreased the blood albumin and HDL levels in damaged rats compared to the normal control group (p<0.001). However, pre-treatment with the cinnamon and ginger extracts, especially combination of extracts significantly improved these values ​​compared to the CCl4 damage group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that simultaneous use of cinnamon and ginger extracts has more significant protective effects against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity

Effect of Tanacetum parthenium Extract on Total Antioxidant Capacity of Tissues Damaged by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats

Background & objectives: Some herbs contain compounds with antioxidant activity and can be used to protect or cure damages caused by chemical toxins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on total antioxidants in various tissues and Tanacetum parthenium impacts on reducing devastating effects of carbon tetrachloride. Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups of six animals in each group: normal control, damaged control, three groups that treated with 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg of Tanacetum parthenium extract 14 days before CCl4 injection and two groups served as post-treatment groups that received 80 and 120 mg/kg extract 2, 6, 24, and 48 h after CCl4 injection. At the end of study &nbsp;the liver, kidney, testis, and heart were removed and then homogenized and then the antioxidant activity of the tissues assessed using FRAP method. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results: The results showed that the injection of carbon tetrachloride significantly decreasestotal antioxidant in both liver (p<0.001) and kidney (p<0.05) tissues. Administration of extract significantly (p<0.05) increased the total antioxidant of liver and kidney. Conclusion: Protective effect of Feverfew against CCl4 induced damages is more effective in liver and kidney than testis and heart.

Examining Effects of Metformin and Coenzyme Q10 on Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Background and purpose: Cancer is considered one of the most common causes of mortality, in today’s world. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the global cancer burden is expected to rise significantly in the years to come. Cancer is characterized by the uncontrollable rate of cells growth, ultimately proving fatal if not treated. Both genetic and environmental contributing factors have proven critical in developing differential cancers. Chemotherapy is the most common form of treatment used for cancers all around the world. Despite a high efficiency in treating malignancies, toxicity and targeting of normal healthy tissues are considered the most common side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, reducing the aforementioned side effects with complementary treatments can prove critical through maximizing therapeutic efficiency while also minimizing unwanted side effects at the same time. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common chemotherapy drug that, has limitations on its use due to severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, as well as cardiotoxicity. Metformin is one of the most common drugs originally used for the treatment of type II diabetes. Additionally, coenzyme Q10 is naturally produced by the body and can also be obtained from diet and supplements. Both metformin and coenzyme Q10 have demonstrated protective effects against toxicity and oxidative stress and are attractive candidates for the treatment of diseases with the basis of inflammation and oxidative stress as demonstrated by various studies investigating the effect of metformin as well as coenzyme Q10 against toxicities. This study investigates the protective effects of metformin and coenzyme Q10 alone and in combination against doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage in rats. Materials and methods: In this experiment, 36 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=6). The groups consisted of a normal control group (distilled water), metformin and coenzyme Q10 control group: (metformin+coenzyme Q10), doxorubicin control group (doxorubicin), Metformin pre-treatment group (metformin+ doxorubicin), coenzyme Q10 pre-treatment group (coenzyme Q10+doxorubicin), as well as metformin and coenzyme Q10 pre-treatment group  (metformin + coenzyme Q10+doxorubicin). Metformin (200 mg/kg) and coenzyme Q10 (15 mg/kg) were administered orally daily for one week, and doxorubicin (25 mg/kg), was injected on the eighth day. 24 hours after the last injection, blood and liver tissue samples were collected to analyze liver enzymes (i.e. ALT, AST, ALP), oxidative stress parameters (i.e. malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), and histological changes. Results: The results showed that doxorubicin significantly elevates the activity of liver enzymes, concentration of malondialdehyde, and tissue damage and decreases total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity (P<0.001). Treatment with metformin, coenzyme Q10, and their combination significantly reduced liver enzymes' activity, improved antioxidant parameters, and significantly contributed to histomorphological amelioration compared to the doxorubicin control group. Conclusion: These findings showed that metformin and coenzyme Q10, alone or in combination, can significantly reduce and protect against the liver complications of doxorubicin injection in rats. This effect is likely, through mitigating oxidative stress and bolstering antioxidant defense mechanisms