Incidental Catch of Marine Mammals by Foreign and Joint Venture Trawl Vessels in the U.S. EEZ of the North Pacific, 1973-88

During 1973-88, 3,661 marine mammals of 17 species were reported as incidental catch by U.S. fishery observers aboard foreign and joint venture trawl vessels in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. Northern sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) accounted for 90% of the reported incidental mortality in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea. Nearly half of these sea lions were taken in trawl nets in the Shelikof Strait, Alaska, joint venture fishery during 1982-84. However, high incidental mortality rates (>25 sea lions per 10,000 metric tons of groundfish catch) also occurred in the foreign fisheries near Kodiak Island and in the Aleutian Islands area in earlier years. Estimated annual mortality of incidentally caught northern sea lions in Alaska declined from 1,000 to 2,000 animals per year during the early 1970s and 1982 to fewer than 100 animals in 1988. In the Bering Sea most sea lions incidentally caught were males, while in the Gulf of Alaska females were more frequently caught. Females may also have been dominant in the incidental catch of sea lions in the Aleutian Islands area, but age and sex composition data are limited. Incidental mortality of adult female sea lions by foreign trawl fisheries in these areas could have partially contributed to the reported declines in northern sea lion populations in Alaska during the 1970s, but it cannot alone account for the present decline in population size. (PDF file contains 64 pages.

Evaluative criteria in written language for elementary grades

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston UniversityThis thesis has been developed to help set up criteria to evaluate the writLen language area of an elementary school. The criteria consist of specific statements indicating desirable conditions and procedures in the written language area of the elementary school program. Such statements should furnish a means for teachers to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of their own work

A volcano's pulse

Before the 1995 Soufrière Hills eruption began, there had been seismic crises approximately every 30 years since the late 1890s; each crisis lasted months to years and involved thousands of small earthquakes. In 1935, some earthquakes were large enough to cause damage to buildings in the capital Plymouth and there was real concern that an eruption was imminent. These seismic crises were later interpreted as pulses of magma trying, but failing, to reach the surface. A final seismic crisis began in 1992, and by November 1995 fresh lava had reached the surface and began to form a dome in the volcano’s summit crater. The eruption has since been characterised by pulsatory activity on a range of different timescales

Aligned cellular and acellular collagen guidance substrates for peripheral nerve repair

There is a clinical demand to shorten the delay of reinnervation and improve functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. A peripheral nerve repair device with the ability to direct and promote axon growth across a lesion would be a promising alternative to nerve autograft repair, the current gold standard treatment. The growth of axons across a lesion is most effective when supported by columns of aligned Schwann cells, as found in an autograft. Here we report the development of a robust aligned cellular collagen biomaterial that supports and directs neuronal growth. We also investigate the potential of these aligned cells to precondition the collagen biomaterial, before they are freeze-killed, leaving an acellular guidance matrix

Droit politique

This paper, a revised version of lectures given in Paris in 2016, examines the contribution that French jurists have made to the development of political jurisprudence. It argues that that contribution can most concisely be presented by examining the manner in which the distinctive concept of "droit politique" was devised and has evolved in French legal and political thought. The paper considers the pioneering contributions of Bodin, Montesquieu and Rousseau, examines the role the concept performed in revolutionary debates, and explains its subsequent development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

The erosion of sovereignty

Many of the assumptions underpinning the modern system of nation-states are now being placed in question. Increased global flows of capital, intensified networks of social interaction, and the emergence of transnational regulatory regimes on a significant scale are affecting the ability of national governments to regulate their economic conditions and improve their citizens’ well-being. The effects of economic, technological and cultural change are having significant impacts on the activity of governing, the cumulative effect of which is experienced as a diminution in the efficacy of those levers of command and control that have been a common feature of the modern nation-state settlement. These developments have generated a great deal of policy analysis and scholarly examination

La rodilla : Una articulación que se adecúa a la geografía y el clima extremo de la montaña

El tratamiento de la temática a desarrollar, cumple con el objetivo de revalorizar y examinar aquellos aspectos anatómicos-funcionales y biomecánicos de la articulación de la rodilla, necesarios para el correcto funcionamiento del miembro inferior en la maniobra de caminar en superficies altamente complejas, como los ascensos de montañas y el transitar por superficies heladas o nevadas con crampones. No necesariamente hay que conocer específicamente la anatomía descriptiva de la rodilla en forma aislada, sino que, es necesario realizar un analisis de la anatomía funcional desde el movimiento para su interpretación, en relación a la estabilidad de la rodilla y a factores determinantes para realizar ascensos y descensos, caminado sobre superficies altamente inestables. La dinámica de las articulaciones con sus rangos articulares posibles y las especificas acciones musculares desarrolladas por el miembro inferior, propician a movilizar la rodilla activamente en la ejecución de cada movimiento, siendo determinante en la transferencia del peso corporal en relación a la locomoción ya que permiten que el movimiento se produzca de una forma determinada, brindando seguridad al ascenso sobre la montañ