Understanding Transonic Weapon Bay Flows

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The XIIIth Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology: The Banff 2015 Heart Meeting Report: Improving Antibody-Mediated Rejection Diagnostics: Strengths, Unmet Needs, and Future Directions.

The 13th Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from October 5 to 10, 2015. The cardiac session was devoted to current diagnostic issues in heart transplantation with a focus on antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and small vessel arteriopathy. Specific topics included the strengths and limitations of the current rejection grading system, the central role of microvascular injury in AMR and approaches to semiquantitative assessment of histopathologic and immunophenotypic indicators, the role of AMR in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, the important role of serologic antibody detection in the management of transplant recipients, and the potential application of new molecular approaches to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of AMR and potential for improving the current diagnostic system. Herein we summarize the key points from the presentations, the comprehensive, open and wide-ranging multidisciplinary discussion that was generated, and considerations for future endeavors

Reuse of a previously transplanted kidney: does success come with a price?

Longer wait times for deceased donor kidney transplant have prompted newer initiatives to expedite the process. Reuse of a previously transplanted kidney might be appropriate in certain circumstances. However, one must also consider the unique issues that may arise after such transplants. We describe our experience in one such case where the donor kidney had lesions of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and signs of alloreactivity (positive C4d staining) prior to transplantation and the recipient developed ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which was perhaps transmitted from the donor. Despite the challenges, the allograft function remained stable 5 years after reuse. © 2012 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissionsoup.com

The calcilytic agent NPS 2143 rectifies hypocalcemia in a mouse model with an activating calcium-sensing-receptor (CaSR) mutation:relevance to autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1)

Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1) is caused by germline gain-of-function mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and may lead to symptomatic hypocalcemia, inappropriately low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations and hypercalciuria. Negative allosteric CaSR modulators, known as calcilytics, have been shown to normalise the gain-of-function associated with ADH-causing CaSR mutations in vitro and represent a potential targeted therapy for ADH1. However, the effectiveness of calcilytic drugs for the treatment of ADH1-associated hypocalcemia remains to be established. We have investigated NPS 2143, a calcilytic compound, for the treatment of ADH1 by in vitro and in vivo studies involving a mouse model, known as Nuf, which harbors a gain-of-function CaSR mutation, Leu723Gln. Wild-type (Leu723) and Nuf mutant (Gln723) CaSRs were expressed in HEK293 cells and the effect of NPS 2143 on their intracellular calcium responses determined by flow cytometry. NPS 2143 was also administered as a single intraperitoneal bolus to wild-type and Nuf mice and plasma concentrations of calcium and PTH, and urinary calcium excretion measured. In vitro administration of NPS 2143 decreased the intracellular calcium responses of HEK293 cells expressing the mutant Gln723 CaSR in a dose-dependent manner, thereby rectifying the gain-of-function associated with the Nuf mouse CaSR mutation. Intraperitoneal injection of NPS 2143 in Nuf mice led to significant increases in plasma calcium and PTH without elevating urinary calcium excretion. These studies of a mouse model with an activating CaSR mutation demonstrate NPS 2143 to normalize the gain-of-function causing ADH1, and improve the hypocalcemia associated with this disorder

Microwave-Enhanced Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of N-(tert-Butylsulfinyl)imines

Microwave irradiation has considerably enhanced the efficiency of the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of N-(tert-butylsulfinyl)imines in isopropyl alcohol catalyzed by a ruthenium complex bearing the achiral ligand 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol. In addition to shortening reaction times for the transfer hydrogenation processes to only 30 min, the amounts of ruthenium catalyst and isopropyl alcohol can be considerably reduced in comparison with our previous procedure assisted by conventional heating, which diminishes the environmental impact of this new protocol. This methodology can be applied to aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic N-(tert-butylsulfinyl)ketimines, leading, after desulfinylation, to the expected primary amines in excellent yields and with enantiomeric excesses of up to 96 %.This work was generously supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (grant numbers CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010, CSD2007-00006, CTQ2007-65218 and CTQ2011-24151) and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2009/039 and FEDER). O. P. thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Educación for a predoctoral fellowship (grant number AP-2008-00989)

Multi-Disciplinary Simulations of Stores in Weapon Bays using Scale Adaptive Simulation

This paper presents a set of cavity flow calculations involving door opening, store release and aeroelasticity. Aeroelastic effects were present, but secondary for the case at hand. For established bay flows, the structural excitation showed a directional dependence, and the structures were responding to the flow frequency content. Maximum store deformations were of about 2% of the store diameter. This is the first time where such effects are quantified for store releases from within bays. The store deformation while interacting with the shear layer, and the store trajectory variability are also quantified

Substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines : microwave assisted, solvent free synthesis and biological evaluation

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of various pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines using microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions. The advantages of applying microwave irradiation compared with the classical method were demonstrated. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by the usual techniques and in two cases by X-ray analysis. The compounds did not display appreciable ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. Screening for antifungal activity showed that some derivatives were active against four fungi, with more significant results for Botrytis.FEDERFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) - I&D 226/2003, POCTI-SFA-3-686), SFRH/BPD/20816/ 2004)Xunta de Galicia - PGIDIT05PXIB26201PR,PR405A098/59-

Store release trajectory variability from weapon bays using scale-adaptive simulations

In this paper, scale-adaptive simulation is used to study store trajectory variability for releases from transonic weapon bays. The scale-adaptive simulation captures the essential physics of the flow in the weapon bay, and its speed of computation allows for several trajectories to be computed within reasonable time. The results of the simulations are treated as a statistical set and a metric is put forward to decide the minimum number of simulations necessary to establish the mean and the standard deviation of the releases. Averaging the results of all trajectories was useful in developing an overall understanding of the bay pressure field role on the store trajectories. Filtering the obtained trajectories provided insight in the flow frequencies affecting the forces acting on the store and the coordinates of its center of gravity during releases. For the store employed in this study, less than one month of CPU time is needed for the complete set of simulations to be obtained, making this method promising as a further test before flight testing

Cavity flow over a transonic weapon bay during door operation

This paper considers a transonic, idealized, weapons bay. The doors are either fixed or opened in a dynamic way. The flow evolves in three stages during door opening, corresponding to closed-cavity flow, transitional flow, and (finally) open-cavity flow. The transition needs to be taken into account to design structures, as the bay wall loads are amplified, as well as the noise. The flow fluctuations are also larger than for the fully established flow. The doors limit the development of the shear layer at the early stage of the door opening