Définition des bonus des dirigeants et performance des entreprises de haute technologie

(VF)Cet article étudie les différences de performance consécutives à l’introduction de trois types de bonus proposés aux dirigeants d’entreprises de haute technologie : ceux liés aux seuls critères financiers, ceux incorporant en plus des critères non financiers hors R&D et ceux incluant des critères non financiers dont la R&D. Les résultats obtenus sur un échantillon de 230 entreprises suggèrent que l’introduction de mesures de R&D dans les bonus est le choix le plus pertinent. De plus, il n’apparaît pas de différence de performance entre un bonus financier et un bonus introduisant des indicateurs non financiers excluant la R&D.(VA)This article investigates the performance impact of introducing three different types of CEO bonuses into high technology firms : bonus based on financial measures, bonuses based on financial and non financial measures excluding R&D and bonuses based on financial and non financial measures including R&D. The results, drawn from a sample of 230 firms, suggest that firms whose CEO bonus incorporates R&D measures perform better than firms which rely on other types of financial and non financial measures in defining the CEO bonus.rémunération;dirigeants;innovation;haute technologie;compensation;CEO;high technology.

The rumble in the bundle

In 1952, two well-known characters called 'A' and 'B' met for the first time to argue about the Identity of Indiscernibles (Black, 1952). A argued that the principle is true, and B that it is false. By all accounts A took a bit of a beating and came out worst-off. Forty-three years later John O’Leary-Hawthorne offered a response on behalf of A that looked as if it would work so long as A was willing to accept the universal-bundle theory of substance (Hawthorne, 1995). In 1997, A and B met again (Zimmerman, 1997). A took Hawthorne's advice and revealed himself as a universal-bundle theorist. But B was well-prepared, and once more A took a beating. Since then Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra (2004) has put the boot in, offering further criticism of A's position. In recent years A has been rather quiet, leaving B to reign as the undisputed champion. However, it turns out that A is down, but not out. And now it's time for A's revenge

Corn Growth Retardation Resulting from Soybean Herbicide Residues

Author Institution: Department of Agronomy, The Ohio State UniversityImazaquin (trademark Scepter) is a weed control herbicide that was used on 15 and 37% of Ohio's 1987 and 1988 soybean acreage, respectively. Drought conditions in 1987 retarded the microbiological decomposition of imazaquin, resulting in carryover that damaged corn {Zea mays L.) grown in those fields so treated. Ohio's farmers were concerned that the more severe 1988 drought would cause even more herbicide carryover, jeopardizing their 1989 corn corp. In early 1989, imazethapyr (trade name Pursuit), another soybean herbicide chemically similar to imazaquin, received federal registration for use in the 1989 soybean crop

AGMIAL: implementing an annotation strategy for prokaryote genomes as a distributed system

We have implemented a genome annotation system for prokaryotes called AGMIAL. Our approach embodies a number of key principles. First, expert manual annotators are seen as a critical component of the overall system; user interfaces were cyclically refined to satisfy their needs. Second, the overall process should be orchestrated in terms of a global annotation strategy; this facilitates coordination between a team of annotators and automatic data analysis. Third, the annotation strategy should allow progressive and incremental annotation from a time when only a few draft contigs are available, to when a final finished assembly is produced. The overall architecture employed is modular and extensible, being based on the W3 standard Web services framework. Specialized modules interact with two independent core modules that are used to annotate, respectively, genomic and protein sequences. AGMIAL is currently being used by several INRA laboratories to analyze genomes of bacteria relevant to the food-processing industry, and is distributed under an open source license

Kinetics of the chromosome 14 microRNA cluster ortholog and its potential role during placental development in the pregnant mare

Background: The human chromosome 14 microRNA cluster (C14MC) is a conserved microRNA (miRNA) cluster across eutherian mammals, reported to play an important role in placental development. However, the expression kinetics and function of this cluster in the mammalian placenta are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the expression kinetics of the equine C24MC, ortholog to the human C14MC, in the chorioallantoic membrane during the course of gestation. Results: We demonstrated that C24MC-associated miRNAs presented a higher expression level during early stages of pregnancy, followed by a decline later in gestation. Evaluation of one member of C24MC (miR-409-3p) by in situ hybridization demonstrated that its cellular localization predominantly involved the chorion and allantoic epithelium and vascular endothelium. Additionally, expression of predicted target transcripts for C24MC-associated miRNAs was evaluated by RNA sequencing. Expression analysis of a subset of predicted mRNA targets showed a negative correlation with C24MC-associated miRNAs expression levels during gestation, suggesting the reciprocal control of these target transcripts by this miRNA cluster. Predicted functional analysis of these target mRNAs indicated enrichment of biological pathways related to embryonic development, endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Expression patterns of selected target mRNAs involved in angiogenesis were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Conclusion: This is the first report evaluating C24MC kinetics during pregnancy. The findings presented herein suggest that the C24MC may modulate angiogenic transcriptional profiles during placental development in the horse

Topos Theory and Consistent Histories: The Internal Logic of the Set of all Consistent Sets

A major problem in the consistent-histories approach to quantum theory is contending with the potentially large number of consistent sets of history propositions. One possibility is to find a scheme in which a unique set is selected in some way. However, in this paper we consider the alternative approach in which all consistent sets are kept, leading to a type of `many world-views' picture of the quantum theory. It is shown that a natural way of handling this situation is to employ the theory of varying sets (presheafs) on the space \B of all Boolean subalgebras of the orthoalgebra \UP of history propositions. This approach automatically includes the feature whereby probabilistic predictions are meaningful only in the context of a consistent set of history propositions. More strikingly, it leads to a picture in which the `truth values', or `semantic values' of such contextual predictions are not just two-valued (\ie true and false) but instead lie in a larger logical algebra---a Heyting algebra---whose structure is determined by the space \B of Boolean subalgebras of \UP.Comment: 28 pages, LaTe

Utilization of AutoAmbulator as an Adjunct to Physical Therapy in an Individual with Parkinson’s Disease: A Case Report

Background: Parkinson’s Disease is a neurogenerative disease of the basal ganglia resulting in decreased dopamine production. The imbalance of dopamine in individuals with Parkinson’s Disease presents with symptoms including bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of an AutoAmbulator, bodyweight supported treadmill, in conjunction with traditional therapy and detail a patient with Parkinson’s Disease response to therapy. Case Description: An 86-year-old male with Parkinson’s disease was admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility after being hospitalized with generalized weakness and altered mental status. Prior to being hospitalized, he ambulated with a rolling walker household distances independently; however, at evaluation he required a two person assist to ambulate 10 ft in the parallel bars. Intervention: Three bouts of bodyweight supported treadmill training occurred in conjunction with overground training, postural education, lower extremity strengthening, transfer training, and dynamic standing balance over twelve sessions of inpatient rehabilitation. Outcomes: Outcome measures utilized consisted of FIM scores, Timed Up and Go test, 10 Meter Walk Test, and total distance ambulated. Discussion: Positive outcomes were observed in this patient with Parkinson’s Disease with the incorporation of bodyweight supported treadmill training with traditional physical therapy treatment