An Analysis of Dieting Methods, Fruit and Vegetable Intake, Weight Perceptions and Family Meals, in Female Adolescents

OBJECTIVES: The overall aim of the study was to examine relationships between dieting, ethnic origin and fruit and vegetable intake in adolescent girls, and to determine any difference in fruit and vegetable intake and eating with the family during the week and at weekends. SUBJECTS: A total of 823 female subjects participated in the study. The age range was between 12 – 16 years. 52.7% were White, 9.8% were Mixed race, 18.5% were Asian, 15.6% were Black and 2.1% were of another (Other) ethnic origin. All subjects attended low-income group schools in London and Coventry. METHODS: Two separate visits by Investigators were made to the schools and subjects completed two questionnaires. The ‘Healthy Eating Questionnaire’ assessed subjects’ personal details, meal patterns and fruit and vegetable intake. The ‘Diet Questionnaire’ was completed on the second visit and assessed self-perceptions of body weight, current dieting and methods of weight loss. [27] RESULTS: White girls had a higher vegetable intake than Black girls (p<0.001) and Mixed race girls had a higher vegetable intake than Asian girls (p=0.036) and Black girls (p<0.001). A significant difference (p<0.05) was found between both daily fruit and vegetable intake and eating with the family during the week. A significant difference was also apparent between daily vegetable intake and eating with the family at weekends. CONCLUSIONS: The research highlights that adolescent females could be lacking in adequate nutritional intake, during a period when nutrient needs are high and when eating patterns for adulthood are being established. Research has demonstrated that children as young as 12 are restricting their energy intake. Results showed differences between ethnic origin groups and estimated vegetable intake. Eating meals with the family is strongly associated with an increase in fruit and vegetable intake in female adolescents

Pain relief for women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia undergoing colposcopy treatment

Treatment for CIN is usually undertaken in an outpatient colposcopy clinic to remove the pre-cancerous cells from the cervix. It commonly involves lifting the cells off the cervix with electrically heated wire (diathermy) or laser, or destroying the abnormal cells with freezing methods (cryotherapy). This is potentially a painful procedure. The purpose of this review is to determine which, if any, pain relief should be used during cervical colposcopy treatment. We identified 17 trials and these reported different forms of pain relief before, during and after colposcopy. Evidence from two small trials showed that women having a colposcopy treatment had less pain and blood loss if the cervix was injected with a combination of a local anaesthetic drug and a drug that causes blood vessels to constrict (narrow), compared with placebo. Although taking oral pain-relieving drugs (e.g. ibuprofen) before treatment on the cervix in the colposcopy clinic is recommended by most guidelines, evidence from two small trials did not show that this practice reduced pain during the procedure. Most of the evidence in this field is of a low to moderate quality and further research may change these findings. Additionally, we were unable to obtain evidence with regards to dosage of the local anaesthetic drug or method of administering local anaesthetic into the cervix. There is need for high-quality trials with sufficient numbers of participants in order to provide the data necessary to estimate these effects

Decay scheme data of neptunium isotopes

Imperial Users onl

The internal brakes on violent escalation:a typology

Most groups do less violence than they are capable of. Yet while there is now an extensive literature on the escalation of or radicalisation towards violence, particularly by ‘extremist’ groups or actors, and while processes of de-escalation or de-radicalisation have also received significant attention, processes of non- or limited escalation have largely gone below the analytical radar. This article contributes to current efforts to address this limitation in our understanding of the dynamics of political aggression by developing a descriptive typology of the ‘internal brakes’ on violent escalation: the mechanisms through which members of the groups themselves contribute to establish and maintain limits upon their own violence. We identify five underlying logics on which the internal brakes operate: strategic, moral, ego maintenance, outgroup definition, and organisational. The typology is developed and tested using three very different case studies: the transnational and UK jihadi scene from 2005 to 2016; the British extreme right during the 1990s, and the animal liberation movement in the UK from the mid-1970s until the early 2000s

Methodology of correspondence testing for employment discrimination involving ethnic minority applications : Dutch and english case studies of muslim applicants for employment

© 2017 by the authors. We comment on methodological issues in the use of correspondence testing for discrimination in access to employment-that of submitting identical CVs to employers, but differing by the name (implying their ethnicity) of the candidate. After contrasting changing social structures in Britain and The Netherlands regarding ethnicity and Muslim integration, we report two case studies using correspondence testing for discrimination in employment involving a Muslim woman (in Manchester, England) and a Muslim man (in Rotterdam, Netherlands), outlining the recent socio-political situation concerning ethnic relations in The Netherlands. The methods used indicated apparent discrimination in employment involving both applicants. However, the novel methods we have employed require further verification using both traditional and novel methodologies. Findings from the two case studies are discussed and compared, with further research proposed

'I Wanna See Some History': Recent Writing on British Punk

© 2016 Cambridge University Press. Tucked away on the b-side of the Sex Pistols' third single, 'Pretty Vacant' (1977), is a cover version of The Stooges' 'No Fun'. The song had long been a staple of the Pistols' live set; on record, however, Johnny Rotten chose to open the track with a diatribe against those attempting to imbue the punk culture he helped instigate with broader socio-economic, cultural or political implications. 'Here we go now', he snarled, 'a sociology lecture, with a bit of psychology, a bit of neurology, a bit of fuckology'