Reference priors for high energy physics

Bayesian inferences in high energy physics often use uniform prior distributions for parameters about which little or no information is available before data are collected. The resulting posterior distributions are therefore sensitive to the choice of parametrization for the problem and may even be improper if this choice is not carefully considered. Here we describe an extensively tested methodology, known as reference analysis, which allows one to construct parametrization-invariant priors that embody the notion of minimal informativeness in a mathematically well-defined sense. We apply this methodology to general cross section measurements and show that it yields sensible results. A recent measurement of the single top quark cross section illustrates the relevant techniques in a realistic situation

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

A united statement of the global chiropractic research community against the pseudoscientific claim that chiropractic care boosts immunity.

BACKGROUND: In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, the International Chiropractors Association (ICA) posted reports claiming that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. These claims clash with recommendations from the World Health Organization and World Federation of Chiropractic. We discuss the scientific validity of the claims made in these ICA reports. MAIN BODY: We reviewed the two reports posted by the ICA on their website on March 20 and March 28, 2020. We explored the method used to develop the claim that chiropractic adjustments impact the immune system and discuss the scientific merit of that claim. We provide a response to the ICA reports and explain why this claim lacks scientific credibility and is dangerous to the public. More than 150 researchers from 11 countries reviewed and endorsed our response. CONCLUSION: In their reports, the ICA provided no valid clinical scientific evidence that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. We call on regulatory authorities and professional leaders to take robust political and regulatory action against those claiming that chiropractic adjustments have a clinical impact on the immune system

Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurements of jet multiplicity and differential production cross sections of Z+jets events in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7TeV

Measurements of differential cross sections are presented for the production of a Z boson and at least one hadronic jet in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV, recorded by the CMS detector, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb(-1). The jet multiplicity distribution is measured for up to six jets. The differential cross sections are measured as a function of jet transverse momentum and pseudorapidity for the four highest transverse momentum jets. The distribution of the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta is also measured as a function of the jet multiplicity. The measurements are compared with theoretical predictions at leading and next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD.Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and EconomyAustrian Science FundBelgian Fonds de la Recherche ScientifiqueFonds voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Bulgarian Ministry of Education and ScienceCERNChinese Academy of SciencesMinistry of Science and TechnologyNational Natural ScienceFoundationofChinaColombian FundingAgency (COLCIENCIAS)Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and SportCroatian Science FoundationResearch Promotion Foundation, CyprusMinistry of Education and Research, EstoniaEstonian Research Council, EstoniaEuropean Regional Development Fund, EstoniaAcademy of FinlandFinnish Ministry of Education and CultureHelsinki Institute of PhysicsInstitut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, FranceCommissariat a l&apos;Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives / CEA, FranceBundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, GermanyDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, GermanyHelmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungs zentren, GermanyGeneral Secretariat for Research and Technology, GreeceNational Scientific Research Foundation, HungaryNational Innovation Office, HungaryDepartment of Atomic Energy, IndiaDepartment of Science and Technology, IndiaInstitute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, IranScience Foundation, IrelandIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, ItalyKorean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of KoreaWorld Class University program of NRF, Republic of KoreaLithuanian Academy of SciencesMinistry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia)Mexican Funding Agency (CINVESTAV)Mexican Funding Agency (CONACYT)Mexican Funding Agency (SEP)Mexican Funding Agency (UASLP-FAI)Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New ZealandPakistan Atomic Energy CommissionMinistry of Science and Higher Education, PolandNational Science Centre, PolandFundacao para a Cienciaea Tecnologia, PortugalJINR, DubnaMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian FederationFederal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian FederationRussian Academy of SciencesRussian Foundation for Basic ResearchMinistry of Education, Science and Technological Development of SerbiaSecretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion and Programa Consolider-Ingenio, SpainSwiss Funding Agency (ETH Board)Swiss Funding Agency (ETH Zurich)Swiss Funding Agency (PSI)Swiss Funding Agency (SNF)Swiss Funding Agency (UniZH)Swiss Funding Agency (Canton Zurich)Swiss Funding Agency (SER)Ministry of Science and Technology, TaipeiThailand Center of Excellence in PhysicsInstitute for the Promotion of Teaching Science andTechnologyofThailandSpecialTaskForceforActivating ResearchNational Science and Technology Development Agency of ThailandScientific and Technical Research Council of TurkeyTurkish Atomic Energy AuthorityNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, UkraineState Fund for Fundamental Researches, UkraineScience and Technology Facilities Council, United KingdomU.S. Department of EnergyU.S. National Science FoundationMarie Curie programEuropean Research CouncilEPLANET (European Union)Leventis FoundationA. P. Sloan FoundationAlexander von Humboldt FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeFonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l&apos;Industrie et dans l&apos;Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicCouncil ofScienceandIndustrialResearch, IndiaHOMINGPLUS program of Foundation for Polish ScienceEuropean UnionRegional Development FundCompagnia di San Paolo (Torino)Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste)MIUR (Italy)Thalis and Aristeia programsEU-ESFGreekNSRFNationalPrioritiesResearchProgram by Qatar National Research FundYerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, ArmeniaInst Hochenergiephys OeAW, Vienna, AustriaNatl Ctr Particle &High Energy Phys, Minsk, ByelarusUniv Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumVrije Univ Brussel, Brussels, BelgiumUniv Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, BelgiumUniv Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, BelgiumCatholic Univ Louvain, Louvain La Neuve, BelgiumUniv Mons, B-7000 Mons, BelgiumCtr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed ABC, Sao Paulo, BrazilInst Nucl Energy Res, Sofia, BulgariaUniv Sofia, BU-1126 Sofia, BulgariaInst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R ChinaPeking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys &Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R ChinaUniv Los Andes, Bogota, ColombiaUniv Split, Fac Elect Engn, Mech Engn &Naval Architecture, Split, CroatiaUniv Split, Fac Sci, Split, CroatiaRudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, CroatiaUniv Cyprus, CY-1678 Nicosia, CyprusCharles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech RepublicAcad Sci Res &Technol Arab Republ Egypt, Egyptian Network High Energy Phys, Cairo, EgyptNICPB, Tallinn, EstoniaUniv Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, FinlandLappeenranta Univ Technol, Lappeenranta, FinlandCEA Saclay, DSM IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceEcole Polytech, IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Palaiseau, FranceUniv Strasbourg, Univ Haute Alsace Mulhouse, Inst Puridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS IN2P3, Strasbourg, FranceCtr Calcul Inst Natl Phys Nucl &Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, Villeurbanne, FranceUniv Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, CNRS IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, FranceTbilisi State Univ, Inst High Energy Phys &Informatizat, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of GeorgiaRWTH Aachen Univ I, Inst Phys, Aachen, GermanyRWTH Aachen Univ III, Phys Inst A, Aachen, GermanyRWTH Aachen Univ III, Phys Inst B, Aachen, GermanyDESY, Hamburg, GermanyUniv Hamburg, Hamburg, GermanyInst Expt Kernphys, Karlsruhe, GermanyNCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl &Particle Phys, Aghia Paraskevi, GreeceUniv Athens, Athens, GreeceUniv Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, GreeceWigner Res Ctr Phys, Budapest, HungaryInst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen, HungaryUniv Debrecen, Debrecen, HungaryNatl Inst Sci Educ &Res, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, IndiaPanjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaUniv Delhi, Delhi 110007, IndiaSaha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, IndiaBhabha Atom Res Ctr, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, IndiaTata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, IndiaInst Res Fundamental Sci IPM, Tehran, IranUniv Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, IrelandIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, ItalyUniv Bari, Bari, ItalyPolitecn Bari, Bari, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, ItalyUniv Bologna, Bologna, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, I-95129 Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Catania, ItalyCSFNSM, Catania, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, ItalyUniv Florence, Florence, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, ItalyUniv Genoa, Genoa, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20133 Milan, ItalyUniv Milano Bicocca, Milan, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, ItalyUniv Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyUniv Basilicata Potenza, Naples, ItalyUniv G Marconi Roma, Naples, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, ItalyUniv Padua, Padua, ItalyUniv Trento, Padua, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, ItalyUniv Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, ItalyUniv Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, ItalyUniv Pisa, Pisa, ItalyScuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Rome, ItalyUniv Rome, Rome, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, ItalyUniv Turin, Turin, ItalyUniv Piemonte Orientale Novara, Turin, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, ItalyUniv Trieste, Trieste, ItalyKangwon Natl Univ, Chunchon, South KoreaKyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South KoreaChonbuk Natl Univ, Jeonju 561756, South KoreaChonnam Natl Univ, Inst Univ &Elementary Particles, Kwangju, South KoreaKorea Univ, Seoul, South KoreaUniv Seoul, Seoul, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South KoreaVilnius Univ, Vilnius, LithuaniaUniv Malaya, Natl Ctr Particle Phys, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCtr Invest &Estudios Avanzados, IPN, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, MexicoBenemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, MexicoUniv Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, MexicoUniv Auckland, Auckland 1, New ZealandUniv Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New ZealandQuaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, PakistanNatl Ctr Nucl Res, Otwock, PolandUniv Warsaw, Fac Phys, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, PolandLab Instrumentacao &Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, PortugalJoint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, RussiaPetersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, RussiaRussian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, RussiaInst Theoret &Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, RussiaPN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, RussiaMoscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, RussiaInst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Protvino, RussiaUniv Belgrade, Fac Phys, Belgrade 11001, SerbiaVinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, SerbiaCIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainUniv Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, SpainUniv Oviedo, Oviedo, SpainUniv Cantabria, CSIC, IFCA, E-39005 Santander, SpainCERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandPaul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, SwitzerlandETH, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, SwitzerlandUniv Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandNatl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, TaiwanNatl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, TaiwanChulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok, ThailandCukurova Univ, Adana, TurkeyMiddle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, TurkeyBogazici Univ, Istanbul, TurkeyIstanbul Tech Univ, TR-80626 Istanbul, TurkeyKharkov Phys &Technol Inst, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-310108 Kharkov, UkraineUniv Bristol, Bristol, Avon, EnglandRutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, EnglandUniv London Imperial Coll Sci Technol &Med, London, EnglandBrunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, EnglandBaylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USAUniv Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USABoston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USABrown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USAUniv Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USAUniv Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USAUniv Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USAUniv Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USACALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USACarnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAUniv Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USACornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USAFairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USAFermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USAUniv Florida, Gainesville, FL USAFlorida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USAFlorida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USAFlorida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USAUniv Illinois, Chicago, IL USAUniv Iowa, Iowa City, IA USAJohns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USAUniv Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USAKansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USALawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USAUniv Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USAMIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USAUniv Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USAUniv Mississippi, Oxford, MS USAUniv Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USASUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USANortheastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USANorthwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USAUniv Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USAOhio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USAPrinceton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USAUniv Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USAPurdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USAPurdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, LA USARice Univ, Houston, TX USAUniv Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USARockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USARutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USAUniv Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USATexas A&amp;M Univ, College Stn, TX USATexas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USAVanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USAUniv Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USAWayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USAUniv Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USAVienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, AustriaUniv Haute Alsace Mulhouse, Univ Strasbourg, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS IN2P3, Strasbourg, FranceUniv Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, BrazilSuez Univ, Suez, EgyptCairo Univ, Cairo, EgyptFayoum Univ, Al Fayyum, EgyptBritish Univ Egypt, Cairo, EgyptAin Shams Univ, Cairo, EgyptUniv Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, FranceBrandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Cottbus, GermanyInst Nucl Res, ATOMKI, H-4001 Debrecen, HungaryEotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, HungaryVisva Bharati Univ, Santini Ketan, W Bengal, IndiaKing Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah 21413, Saudi ArabiaUniv Ruhuna, Matara, Sri LankaIsfahan Univ Technol, Esfahan, IranSharif Univ Technol, Tehran, IranIslamic Azad Univ, Plasma Phys Res Ctr, Sci &Res Branch, Tehran, IranIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, ItalyUniv Siena, I-53100 Siena, ItalyCNRS, IN2P3, Paris, FranceUniv Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, MexicoSt Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, RussiaUniv Rome, Fac Ingn, Rome, ItalyIst Nazl Fis Nucl, Scuola Normale &Sez, Pisa, ItalyAlbert Einstein Ctr Fundamental Phys, Bern, SwitzerlandGaziosmanpasa Univ, Tokat, TurkeyAdiyaman Univ, Adiyaman, TurkeyCag Univ, Mersin, TurkeyMersin Univ, Mersin, TurkeyIzmir Inst Technol, Izmir, TurkeyOzyegin Univ, Istanbul, TurkeyMarmara Univ, Istanbul, TurkeyKafkas Univ, Kars, TurkeyMimar Sinan Univ, Istanbul, TurkeyUniv Southampton, Sch Phys &Astron, Southampton, Hants, EnglandArgonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USAErzincan Univ, Erzincan, TurkeyYildiz Tekn Univ, Istanbul, TurkeyTexas A&amp;M Univ, Doha, QatarUniv Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Física Teórica (IFT), Sao Paulo, BrazilEstonian Research Council, Estonia: IUT23-4Estonian Research Council, Estonia: IUT23-6MIUR (Italy): 20108T4XT