Fiscal Policy in Poland under Transition

Based on statistics provided by the Ministry of Finance and Central Statistical Office, the paper provides an analyses of the economic transition experienced by Poland paying particular attention to the fiscal policy.Poland, Economic Transition, Fiscal Policy

Doing memory work with older men: the practicalities, the process, the potential

This article describes the process of setting up and participating in a collective memory work group of older men, with a focus on the making and unmaking of older men and masculinities through age, ageing, gender, gendering, and other intersections. Memory work is located in relation to related but different forms of writing and group work, emphasizing how in this method everyone becomes a writer, an author, a listener, a reader, a discussant, and a commentator. The potential of memory work, both for working with older men, and more generally is outlined. Key issues are: genuine and collective commitment to substantive change, not just at a personal level, but also at wider social/political/cultural levels; willingness to trust in the other members of the group, an issue that may be difficult for some men; and commitment for caring for one another especially in their moments of greatest vulnerability

Growing up in a bubble: using germ-free animals to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on brain and behavior

There is a growing recognition of the importance of the commensal intestinal microbiota in the development and later function of the central nervous system. Research using germ-free mice (mice raised without any exposure to microorganisms) has provided some of the most persuasive evidence for a role of these bacteria in gut-brain signalling. Key findings show that the microbiota is necessary for normal stress responsivity, anxiety-like behaviors, sociability, and cognition. Furthermore, the microbiota maintains central nervous system homeostasis by regulating immune function and blood brain barrier integrity. Studies have also found that the gut microbiota influences neurotransmitter, synaptic, and neurotrophic signalling systems and neurogenesis. The principle advantage of the germ-free mouse model is in proof-of-principle studies and that a complete microbiota or defined consortiums of bacteria can be introduced at various developmental time points. However, a germ-free upbringing can induce permanent neurodevelopmental deficits that may deem the model unsuitable for specific scientific queries that do not involve early-life microbial deficiency. As such, alternatives and complementary strategies to the germ-free model are warranted and include antibiotic treatment to create microbiota-deficient animals at distinct time points across the lifespan. Increasing our understanding of the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behavior has the potential to inform novel management strategies for stress-related gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric disorders

Parameter study of electric power production in wind farms - experiments using two model scale wind turbines

During the last years the growing amount of a wind turbines was observed, but limited area requires to build them closer to each other or group them in clusters called wind farms. Interactions between the turbines have primary influence on decrease of total power generated in the wind parks. To design a wind park, the sophisticated software, able to model and simulate aerodynamic processes is required. Such models however need experimental validation or at least some reference test cases, what is currently missing [26,29,30]. Current work is therefore an attempt to build part of such reference data for upgrading or evaluating turbine interaction modeling tools typically used for wind park design. At this project two models of horizontal axis wind turbines were used with rotor diameter around 0.9 m. Measurements were performed at large, approximately 12 m2 cross-section, wind tunnel at Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. The main aim of this project was to find the best conditions of total power production of the two in-line turbines where only TSR was varied. The second aim of the project was to investigate wind velocity and turbulence intensity development behind the first turbine of the wind farm CTA anemometry with single HW probe was used. Moreover, there were few additional cases: income flow was characterized by low or high turbulence and separation distance of the turbines was changed (3D, 5D, 9D rotor diameters separation). The study confirms that it is possible to find best optimal setup, different than designed to work in unobstructed flow. Depending on the type of inlet stream flow and separation distance the increase of total power production between 2.09% to 10.7% for the T2 TSR varied between 4.0 5.0 was found. Behavior of the T1 TSR was also varied but closer to designed value of TSR=6.0. The best combined power coefficient of both turbines of Cptotal=0.762 was found at 9D separation distance with high turbulent inlet stream. Wake measurements confirmed behavior of power coefficient for different setups. The recovery of the velocity profile and decrease of turbulence intensity moving axially downstream was observed. Moreover, high turbulent inlet flow was characterized by smoother profiles of turbulence intensity and wind velocity, which caused faster recovery of the wake, than case with low turbulent inlet flow

Czesko-polskie stosunki językowe w zakresie słownictwa kultury duchowej (przeszłość i stan obecny)

This paper discusses the role of the Czech language in forming Polish vocabulary. The question is presented on the basis of one of the thematic groups of vocabulary, beliefs and religion, classified as Bohemianisms, including such words as Old Polish anioł, diabeł, and tatrman, as well as the Polish dialectal antyjasz, b’inek, cwerg, czechman, dias, fajermon, Fontana, hastrman, jaroszek, korfanty, kuźlak, mužík, Pustecki, raraszek, sotona, szatan, waserman, wiestnica and zazrak. The classification of Czech borrowings in Polish includes three groups. The main groups are: borrowings from Old Czech, borrowings from literary Czech from the 14th to the beginning of the 16th centuries, and borrowings from common Czech dialects (especially from a transitional group of dialects). The first and second group contains many international words (borrowings from Greek, Latin and German), while the third appear chiefly in the Polish dialects of Silesia and the Małopolska province. The author notes that the early Old Czech brought Latin borrowings from Christian terminology and demonological nomenclature. The 14th and 15th and also 20th centuries brought words related to witchcraft and traditional demonology, such as the names of wizards and witches, the devil, ghosts, etc. The author ascertains that, first of all, such loan names concern beings of the lowest demonic ranks and, in general euphemistic determination, present “evil ghosts.” Linguistic geographical analysis indicates that Czech loans of demoniac names occur mainly in the south-west and repeatedly exhibit a strictly regional (sometimes individual) character. The Czech language has also fulfilled an intermediary role in adapting borrowings from other languages (German, Greek and Latin); it has thus had a significant effect on modern disparity and Polish mythological vocabulary. This article aims at the ethnic and chronological classification of fragments of Slavic mythological vocabulary, and analyzes the problem of language influence between Czech and Polish.Dynamiczne przemiany w zakresie leksyki kulturowej zachodziły zarówno w dialektach w obrębie prasłowiańszczyzny, jak i starszych kontaktów wewnątrzsłowiańskich już na gruncie poszczególnych języków narodowych. Przykładem drugiego typu są niejednokrotnie złożone drogi wędrówki nazw mitologicznych, jakich obraz wyłania się z badań wewnątrzsłowiańskich zapożyczeń. Tematem artykułu jest rola języka czeskiego w kształtowaniu się polskiego słownictwa religijnego i demonologicznego. Autor omawia to zagadnienie na podstawie analizy leksyki z grupy tematycznej ‘wierzenia i religia’, zaklasyfikowanej jako bohemizmy, w tym: staropolskich – anjoł, diabeł; oraz polskich dialektalnych: antyjasz, cwerg, czechman, dias, fajermon, jaroszek, korfanty, raraszek, sotona, waserman i zazrak. Zapożyczenia te dotyczą przede wszystkim nazw istot demonicznych niższego rzędu i stanowią na ogół eufemistyczne określenia ‘złego ducha’. Ich analiza pod kątem geografii lingwistycznej wskazuje na głównie południowo-zachodni zasięg występowania zapożyczeń z czeskiego w obrębie nazw demonicznych (powiaty katowicki, opolski, nowosądecki) oraz ich niejednokrotnie ściśle regionalny (czasami nawet jednostkowy) charakter. Język czeski pełnił tu rolę języka-pośrednika w adaptowaniu zapożyczeń z innych języków (w tym z niemieckiego, greki i łaciny), przez co znacząco wpływał na współczesne zróżnicowanie polskiej ludowej leksyki mitologicznej. Tematyka referatu wiąże się z etniczną klasyfikacją słowiańskiego słownictwa mitologicznego oraz z problematyką wzajemnych wpływów słowiańsko-słowiańskich w obrębie tej samej grupy językowej. Lingvistiniai čekų ir lenkų kalbų santykiai dvasinės kultūros (praeities ir dabarties) žodyne Straipsnyje aptariamas čekų kalbos vaidmuo lenkų kalbos žodyne. Autorius šį klausimą analizuoja per „įsitikinimų ir religijos“ teminę žodyno grupę, įvardijamą kaip bohemizmai. Taip pat nagrinėjami senosios lenkų kalbos žodžiai anioł, diabeł, tatrman, lenkų dialektizmai antyjasz, b’inek, cwerg, czechman, dias, fajermon, Fontana, hastrman, jaroszek, korfanty, kuźlak, mužík, Pustecki, raraszek, sotona, szatan, waserman, wiestnica, zazrak. Lenkų kalbos skoliniai čekų kalboje klasifikuojami į tris grupes. Tai skoliniai iš: senosios čekų kalbos, literatūrinės kalbos nuo XIV iki XVI a. pr., iš bendrų Čekijos dialektų (ypač iš tarpinių dialektų grupės). Pirmoje ir antroje grupėje yra daug tarptautinių žodžių (skolinių iš graikų, lotynų ir vokiečių), trečioji gausiausia Lenkijos Silezijos ir Małopolskos provincijų tarmėse.Autorius pažymi, kad ankstyvoji senoji čekų kalba iš lotynų kalbos perėmė krikščioniškosios terminijos ir demonologijos terminologijos skolinius; XIV ir XV, taip pat XX amžių žodžiai susiję su raganavimu ir tradicine demonologija (burtininkų ir raganų, velnių, vaiduoklių vardai ir pan.). Nustatyta, kad, visų pirma, tai susiję su žemiausiojo sluoksnio demoniškų būtybių skolinių vardais ir bendrais šiuolaikiniais eufemistiniais „blogio šmėklų“ apibūdinimais.Analizė parodė, kad atsižvelgus į lingvistinę geografiją, pietvakarių srityje daugiausia demoninių skolinių pavadinimų atsirado iš čekų kalbos, jie pasižymi regioniniu (kartais individualiu) pobūdžiu. Čekų kalba atliko kalbos-tarpininkės vaidmenį pritaikant lenkų kalboje skolinius iš kitų kalbų (vokiečių, graikų ir lotynų). Tai nulėmė šiuolaikinius lenkų kalbos mitologinio žodyno bruožus ir išteklius. Straipsnio tikslas – pateikti etninę ir chronologinę slavų mitologinio žodyno fragmento klasifikaciją ir išanalizuoti čekų ir lenkų kalbų santykio problematiką.REIKŠMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: onomastika, skoliniai, religinis žodynas, lenkų kalba

Small group teaching strategies for promoting acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of functional communication and self-control skills with preschoolers

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat

Adoção conjunta por homossexuais à luz da dignidade humana e do melhor interesse da criança

Orientador: Ana Carla Harmatiuk MatosMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná,Setor de Ciências Jurídicas, Curso de Graduação em DireitoResumo: Com o presente trabalho objetiva-se demonstrar como a adoção conjunta por parceiros homossexuais pode ser defendida à luz dos princípios e direitos constitucionais, como a liberdade, a igualdade, a pluralidade das entidades familiares e, sobretudo, a dignidade da pessoa humana, pautando-se sempre no melhor interesse da criança ou adolescente. Após a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal que reconheceu a união homoafetiva como família, merecedora de proteção e tutela do Estado, entende-se que existem elementos suficientes para a defesa da adoção por homossexuais, a qual, em se tratando de postulante solteiro, mais facilmente tem sido deferida. Entretanto, o cerne desse estudo é a adoção conjunta pelo par, que deve ter a possibilidade de concorrer em igualdade de condições com casais heterossexuais à habilitação e à adoção de crianças e adolescentes. Uma vez que a união homoafetiva foi equiparada às uniões estáveis heterossexuais em efeitos e consequências, considerando que o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente prevê a possibilidade de companheiros de união estável adotarem, não se verifica a existência de óbices a priori ao deferimento da adoção pelo par homossexual, desde que atendidos os requisitos jurídicos e após a realização de estudos interdisciplinares que atestem que a concessão da medida atenderá aos melhores interesses dos infantes. Em suma, o escopo dessa sintética pesquisa é a adoção por homossexuais conjuntamente, por constituírem e viverem como entidade familiar, em atendimento não só aos direitos desse grupo de pessoas, de não serem discriminados por sua orientação sexual e de poderem manifestar sua personalidade como desejarem, mas também para conferir mais possibilidades a crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados de serem acolhidos por uma família, independentemente da configuração desta, em virtude da valorização do afeto nas relações familiare

Optimized Approach for Determination of the Solid Temperature in a Steam Turbine in Warm-Keeping-Operation

International audienceThe determination of the temperature distribution in the thick-walled components in steam turbines is increasing in relevance. Due to the growing share of volatile renewable power generation, power plants with a high flexibility and a high integral efficiency are required. e current operational conditions lead to high thermal stresses inside the heavy components and thus to a reduced lifetime. To improve the ability for a fast start-up, the steam turbine can be kept warm during a longer period of stand still. Therefore, information about the metal temperature inside the rotor and the casing are crucial. However, the temperature distribution of the inner casing and especially the rotor cannot be measured without high additional effort. us, a calculation model with sufficient accuracy and also manageable calculation effort is required. In the present work, a hybrid-numerical FEM and analytical-approach has been developed to calculate the solid body temperatures of a steam turbine in warm-keeping operation in a most efficient way. The presented model provides accuracy of nearly % compared with Conjugate-Heat-Transfer simulations with a simultaneously reduced calculation effort by a factor of more than

Ativação in situ de pró-fluoróforos mediada por nanopartículas de paládio suportadas em grafeno sob condições biológicas

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Química.O paládio é um dos metais de transição mais utilizados em reações bio-ortogonais dissociativas, na ativação de pró-fármacos e pro-fluoróforos, principalmente devido a sua alta atividade catalítica e quimiosseletividade. No entanto, em grandes concentrações pode apresentar citotoxicidade, sendo uma das alternativas para contornar este problema o seu uso na forma de nanopartículas. O Laboratório de Catálise Biomimética (LaCBio) já demonstrou que nanopartículas de Pd(II), estabilizadas com o polímero PVP, geram rendimentos satisfatórios na desproteção in vivo de pró-fármacos propargílicos. No entanto, o tratamento de tumores poderia ser facilitado se as mesmas estivessem suportadas num material sólido, como o grafeno, através da implantação cirúrgica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do suporte de nanopartículas de paládio (estado de oxidação 0 e +2) em grafeno, na reação de despropargilação de pró-fluoróforos baseados na O-cumarina, em condições biológicas. A utilização do grafeno como um suporte gerou conversões similares para as nanopartículas de Pd(II) estabilizadas com PVP, obtendo-se 25% de conversão de O-cumarina com 1 equiv de catalisador. No entanto, as nanopartículas de Pd(II) estabilizadas com o polímero P-2VP atingiram conversões 1,4 vezes maiores do que as nanopartículas sem suporte, demonstrando um efeito sinérgico do grafeno em conjunto com a desproteção de pró-fluoróforos aromáticos. O catalisador Pd(II)-P2VP@grafeno apresentou um TOF50 1,5 vezes maior do que as nanopartículas não suportadas no grafeno.Palladium is one of the most used transition metals in dissociative bio-orthogonal reactions, in the activation of pro-drugs and pro-fluorophores, mainly due to its high catalytic activity and chemoselectivity. However, in high concentrations it can present an important cytotoxicity, which can be minimized with the use of nanoparticles. The Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis (LaCBio) has already demonstrated that Pd(II) nanoparticles, stabilized with the PVP polymer, generate satisfactory yields in the in vivo deprotection of propargylic prodrugs, with low cytotoxicity. However, the treatment of tumors could be facilitated if the nanoparticles were supported on solid materials, such as graphene, through surgical implantation. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of supporting palladium nanoparticles (oxidation state 0 and +2) on graphene, on the depropargylation reaction of pro-fluorophores based on O-coumarin, under biological conditions. The use of graphene as a support generated similar conversions for Pd(II) nanoparticles stabilized with PVP, obtaining 25% conversion of O-coumarin with 1 equiv of catalyst. However, Pd(II) nanoparticles stabilized with P-2VP polymer achieved conversions 1.4 times higher than unsupported nanoparticles, demonstrating a synergistic effect of graphene in the deprotection reaction of aromatic profluorophores. The Pd(II)-P-2VP@graphene catalyst presented a TOF50 1.5 times higher than the nanoparticles not supported on graphene

Hemoglobin during and following a 4-week commercial saturation dive to 200 meters

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