PHYLOGENETICS, MORPHOLOGY, AND EVOLUTION OF THE LARGE GENUS MYRCIA S.L. (MYRTACEAE)

Phylogenetic relationships of Myrcia s.l., the most species-rich tree genus in the Brazilian cerrado and Atlantic forests, are reconstructed by analysis, with parsimony and Bayesian inference, of four plastid regions (psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer, and matK exon) and the external and internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis is evaluated in conjunction with key morphological characters and abiotic factors suggested to have influenced the group's current distribution. Some lineages identified by previous classifications are supported; others with morphological and/or ecological correspondence are recognized for the first time. Sequence divergence levels provide good resolution of relationships within but not between the main clades of Myrcia s.l. The previously recognized genera Calyptranthes and Gomidesia are shown to be monophyletic, whereas Marlierea is shown not to be; all are nested within paraphyletic Myrcia. A new subgeneric classification is required. An interpretation of the origins of Myrcia s.l. and potential causes of speciation in the group is made on the basis of recently published data and accepted geological events. © 2011 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved

PHYLOGENETICS, MORPHOLOGY, AND EVOLUTION OF THE LARGE GENUS MYRCIA S.L. (MYRTACEAE)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Phylogenetic relationships of Myrcia s.l., the most species-rich tree genus in the Brazilian cerrado and Atlantic forests, are reconstructed by analysis, with parsimony and Bayesian inference, of four plastid regions (psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer, and matK exon) and the external and internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis is evaluated in conjunction with key morphological characters and abiotic factors suggested to have influenced the group's current distribution. Some lineages identified by previous classifications are supported; others with morphological and/or ecological correspondence are recognized for the first time. Sequence divergence levels provide good resolution of relationships within but not between the main clades of Myrcia s.l. The previously recognized genera Calyptranthes and Gomidesia are shown to be monophyletic, whereas Marlierea is shown not to be; all are nested within paraphyletic Myrcia. A new subgeneric classification is required. An interpretation of the origins of Myrcia s.l. and potential causes of speciation in the group is made on the basis of recently published data and accepted geological events.o TEXTO COMPLETO DESTE ARTIGO, ESTARÁ DISPONÍVEL À PARTIR DE AGOSTO DE 2015.1727915934IBAMAConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Hidden in the dry woods: Mapping the collection history and distribution of Gymnanthes boticario, a well-collected but very recently described species restricted to the dry vegetation of South America

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Botanists estimate that 80 to 90% of existing plant species have already been described and it is expected that most undescribed species are rare or narrow endemic ones. Here we map the geographical distribution of Gymnanthes boticario, a species described in 2010, and show that the species is not only widespread, but was well-collected in the Caatinga semiarid vegetation prior to its description. During a revision of the genus Gymnanthes we also found collections of G. boticario in the Brazilian Mato Grosso do Sul state (in Pantanal ecoregion), in Paraguay (in Cerro Leon dry forests) and in Bolivia (in Chiquitano dry forest ecoregion) in a pattern that closely resembles the Pleistocenic Arc Hypothesis. We map the continental distribution of G. boticario, report the first records of it for Bolivia, Paraguay and the Brazilian Pantanal and show the rich data available in herbaria for a plant only recently described.971116Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2009/14266-7, 2011/22498-5

Suprageneric phylogenetics of Myrteae, the generically richest tribe in Myrtaceae (Myrtales)

To clarify relationships within the predominantly Neotropical and exclusively fleshy-fruited Myrteae (49 genera and c. 2,500 species), we provide a phylogenetic hypothesis for evolutionary relationships between 31 of these genera by analyzing nuclear ITS and ETS ribosomal DNA, and plastid psbA-trnH and matK DNA sequences from 75 Myrteae species and 13 outgroup taxa using parsimony and Bayesian inference. Four morphological characters are epitomized on the resulting trees, and biogeographical analyses are also performed. Myrteae are monophyletic, comprising seven clades plus two isolated taxa of unclear relationships. Morphological characters exhibit homoplasy, although in combination are useful for clade diagnosis. Biogeographical analyses are inconclusive regarding the ancestral area of the tribe, but South American colonization before northern radiation via the Andes appears likely. The largest genera, Eugenia and Myrcia s.l., have western and southeastern South American origins, respectively