In response to fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer’s solution vs. normal saline in acute pancreatitis: A triple-blind, randomized, controlled trial

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Utilização das microalgas Thalassiosira weissflogii e Nannochloropsis oculata no cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei em sistemas de berçários, sem renovação de água

The use of microalgae, Thalassiosira weissflogii (Diatom) and Nannochloropsis oculata (Eustigmatophyceae) in intensive nurseries with Litopenaeus vannamei, with zero water exchange, was evaluated in this study. Three treatments (control, Thalassiosira and Nannochloropsis) were conducted to observe the influence of microalgae on the parameters of water quality, microbiological, quality of larvae and their relationship with animal performance. The stocking density was 65 Pls/L. In addition to the microalgae, the post-larvae were fed with commercial diets high in protein (40-55%). The variables of water quality: temperature, oxygen, pH, salinity, alkalinity, concentrations of nitrite and nitrate, remained within the normal range for the species Litopenaeus vannamei. High levels of ammonia and phosphate were observed, but no influence on survival. The availability of nutrients favored the increase of pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio. Survival, crude protein level in post- larvae, response to stress test, larval size and quality of post-larvae showed no significant differences. Differences were found in weight gain. Treatment with the microalgae Thalassiosira weissflogii exhibited the highest values of dry weight and consequently, greater weight gain and final biomass were observed.O uso das microalgas, Thalassiosira weissflogii (Diatomácea) e Nannochloropsis oculata (Eustigmatophyceae), em berçários intensivos de Litopenaeus vannamei, sem renovação de água, foi avaliado neste estudo. Três tratamentos (controle, Thalassiosira e Nannochloropsis), foram realizados para observar a influência destas microalgas sobre os parâmetros de qualidade de água, microbiológicos, de qualidade larval e a relação destes com o desempenho dos animais. A densidade de cultivo foi de 65 Pls/L. Além das microalgas, as pós-larvas foram alimentadas com rações comerciais de alto valor protéico (40 a 55%). As variáveis de qualidade de água: temperatura, oxigênio, pH, salinidade, alcalinidade, concentração de nitrito e nitrato, mantiveram-se dentro dos valores normais para a espécie Litopenaeus vannamei. Níveis elevados de amônia e fosfato foram observados, mas sem influenciar na sobrevivência. A disponibilidade de nutrientes favoreceu o aumento de bactérias do gênero Vibrio. A sobrevivência, nível de proteína bruta nas pós-larvas, resposta ao teste de stress, tamanho e qualidade larval das pós-larvas, não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Diferenças foram encontradas no ganho de peso. O tratamento com a microalga Thalassiosira weissflogii apresentou os melhores valores médios de peso seco e por consequência, maior ganho de peso e biomassa final foram observados

Desempeño de larvas y juveniles de Piaractus orinoquensis cultivados a diferentes densidades en sistemas con tecnología biofloc TBF

The fish culture system with BFT presents favorable conditions of water quality and supply of live food for the culture of fish with indirect development in early stages, in this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the larvae and juveniles culture of Piaractus orinoquensis with BFT at different stocking densities. For this purpose, biofloc was established at a carbon/nitrogen ratio of 15/1, evaluating six stocking densities, as follows: T1 = 10, T2 = 20, T3 = 30, T4 = 40, T5 = 50 and T6 = 60 larvae L-1. The studies were conducted in two phases: the first one of larviculture, during 12 days of culture, the results show that the survival (%) and the final weight were higher in the treatments of lower densities, however, the treatments with higher densities presented greater number of live larvae. For the second phase, from day 13 to 24 post-stocking (DPS), similar responses to larviculture were presented, being that survival (%) was higher at lower stocking densities (T1 = 79.8 ± 6.90%), however, the total number of live juveniles was higher at higher densities (T6 = 34.5 ± 5.2 juveniles L-1); the final weight decreased as the density increased without the length presenting statistical differences. The multivariate analysis that related survival, weight, length, number of live larvae and juveniles, indicated that the best responses were presented in T3 with a survival of 49.5 ± 7.4% and a final number of juveniles of 14.9 ± 2.1 L-1. The possibility of cultivating larvae and juveniles of P. orinoquensis in a superintensive way with biofloc technology is feasible under the reported conditions, obtaining the best results at a density of 30 larvae L-1.  El sistema de cultivo de peces con TBF presenta condiciones de calidad de agua y oferta de alimento vivo favorables para el cultivo de peces con desarrollo indirecto en etapas tempranas, en este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el cultivo con TBF de larvas y juveniles de Piaractus orinoquensis a diferentes densidades de siembra. Para este fin se estableció biofloc a una relación carbono / nitrógeno de 15/1, evaluándose seis densidades de siembra, así: T1=10, T2 = 20, T3 = 30, T4 = 40, T5 = 50 y T6 = 60 larvas L-1. Los estudios se condujeron en dos fases: la primera de larvicultura, durante 12 días de cultivo, los resultados muestran que la supervivencia (%) y el peso final fueron mayores en los tratamientos de menores densidades, sin embargo, los tratamientos con mayores densidades presentaron mayor número de larvas vivas. Para la segunda fase, comprendida entre el día 13 al 24 post siembra (DPS), se presentaron respuestas similares, siendo que la supervivencia (%) fue mayor a menores densidades de siembra (T1 = 79,8±6,90 %), no obstante, el número total de juveniles vivos fue mayor a densidades mayores (T6 = 34,5±5,2 juveniles L-1); el peso final disminuyó a medida que aumentó la densidad sin que la longitud presentara diferencias estadísticas. El análisis multivariado que relacionó la supervivencia, el peso, la longitud, el número de larvas y juveniles vivos, indicó que las mejores respuestas se presentaron en el T3 con una supervivencia del 49,5±7,4 % y un número final de juveniles de 14,9±2,1 L-1. La posibilidad de cultivar larvas y juveniles de P. orinoquensis de manera superintensiva con tecnología biofloc es factible en las condiciones reportadas, obteniendo los mejores resultados a una densidad de 30 larvas L-1. &nbsp

Desempeñ o del índice FIB-4 en el despistaje de vá rices esofá gicas en pacientes con el diagnóstico de cirrosis hepá tica

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients is made by the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Multiple non-invasive predictors have been studied for the diag-nosis of esophageal varices. The objective of this study is to testthe FIB4 index as screening of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analytic study was developed in four national hospital using hepatic cirrhosis patient's medi-cal files. We assessed the information using univariate and bivariate analysis, sensitivity, speci-ficity, predictive positive and negative value, the positive and negative likelihood ratio calcu-lation of the esophageal varices screening and its size. We built ROC curve for every analysis group. RESULTS: The study included 289 liver cirrhosis patients. Most of the patients were male (54.33%). 77.85% patients had esophageal varices. The distribution of varices was 19.03%, 35.99% and 22.84% for large, medium and small varices, respectively. In the FIB-4 index analysis for the presence of varices, it was found a sensitivity of 81.3%, specificity of 37.5% (AUC: 0.57). The calculation for variceal size showed a sensitivity of 81.8%, specificity of 23.9% (AUC: 0.50). In the analysis of FIB-4 index for prophylaxis groups was found a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 28.5% (AUC: 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: The FIB-4 index has no good performance in the screening for the presence of esophageal varices and its size in liver cirrhosis patients.Revisión por pare

Lactic-acid bacteria increase the survival of marine shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, after infection with Vibrio harveyi

Este trabalho avaliou a adição de duas cepas de bactérias lácticas (2 e B6) na sobrevivência, qualidade de pós-larva e na população de bactérias na larvicultura de Litopenaeus vannamei experimentalmente infectado por Vibrio harveyi. Mil e quinhentos náuplios foram distribuídos em tanques de 20 L com quatro repetições. A sobrevivência dos animais controle foi menor (21%) do que a dos alimentados com as cepas B6 (50%) e 2 (44%). Sobrevivência de misis após desafio com V. harveyi foi maior em B6 do que nos outros tratamentos. A população total de bactérias na água e nas larvas, bem como de Vibrio ssp. na água não foi diferente entre os tratamentos. Não houve diferença, também, entre a população de Vibrio ssp. em larvas do grupo controle (5,5±0,5 log UFC/mL) e larvas alimentadas com a cepa 2 (5,4±0,1 log UFC/mL). Camarões do grupo controle e alimentados com cepa 2 apresentaram maior população de bactérias do que os alimentados com cepa B6 (1,2±0,2 log UFC/mL). Foi comprovada a menor presença de bactérias entéricas com potencial de patogenicidade nos animais alimentados com a cepa B6, apresentando também comportamento mais ativo e menor número de necroses em relação ao controle e cepa 2.This study evaluated the survival, post-larvae quality, and the population of bacteria in Litopenaeus vannamei after the addition of two strains of lactic-acid bacteria (2 and B6) experimentally infected by Vibrio harveyi. Fifteen hundred nauplii were distributed in 20 L capacity tanks with four replicates. The survival of control animals was lower (21%) than that of animals fed with the strains B6 (50%) and 2 (44%). Total bacterial population in the water and larvae, as well as of the Vibrio ssp. in water was not different among the treatments. No difference was observed in the population of Vibrio ssp. between the control larvae (5.5±0.5 log UFC/mL) and that fed with strain 2 (5.4±0.1 log UFC/mL). Shrimp from control and fed with strain 2 showed significantly higher bacterial population than those fed with strain B6 (1.2±0.2 log UFC/mL). It was detected the lower load of Vibrio ssp. bacteria with potential of pathogenicity after feeding with strain B6.Moreover, these larvae showed more active behavior and low number of necrosis in relation to the control group and to that fed with strain 2

Supervivencia de poslarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei sometidas a la prueba de estrés osmótico y su relación con el estado de muda

This study was designed to evaluate the survival of shrimp postlarvae under osmotic stress and its relation with the molt stage. Postlarvae used were in stages PL7 to PL17. Osmotic stress was tested during intermolt stage (IM), initial premuda (PrMI) and final premuda (PrMF), determining its effect on survival. For this analysis the development of PLs gill, individuals weight and water quality parameters were taken into acount. Thirty three treatments in triplicate consisting of 2 factors, moult stages (IM, PrMF and PrMI) and age of postlarvae (PL17 to PL7). The results show significant differences for the interaction molt stage and age. The highest survival was found at the intermolt stage (74.12%) from PL12.Este estudio fue diseñado para evaluar la supervivencia de poslarvas de camarón sometidas a la prueba de estrés osmótico y su relación con el estado de muda. Se utilizaron poslarvas en los estadios de PL7 a PL17 y sometidas a prueba de estrés osmótico durante la etapa de intermuda (IM), premuda inicial (PrMI) y premuda final (PrMF), determinando su efecto por medio de la supervivencia. Para dicho análisis se tuvo en cuenta el desarrollo branquial de las poslarvas, el peso de los individuos y los parámetros de calidad de agua del cultivo. Se evaluaron 33 tratamientos en triplicado conformados por 2 factores: estadios de muda (IM, PrMI y PrMF) y edad (PL7 hasta PL17). Los resultados indican diferencias significativas para la interacción estadios de muda y edad. La supervivencia más alta se presentó en la etapa de intermuda (74,12%) a partir de PL12