Observation of new quantum interference effect in solids

In order to achieve quantum interference of free electrons inside a solid, we have modified the geometry of the solid so that de Broglie waves interfere destructively inside the solid. Quantum interference of de Broglie waves leads to a reduction in the density of possible quantum states of electrons inside the solid and increases the Fermi energy level. This effect was studied theoretically within the limit of the quantum theory of free electrons inside the metal. It has been shown that if a metal surface is modified with patterned indents, the Fermi energy level will increase and consequently the electron work function will decrease. This effect was studied experimentally in both Au and SiO2 thin films of special geometry and structure. Work function reductions of 0.5 eV in Au films and 0.2 eV in SiO2 films were observed. Comparative measurements of work function were made using the Kelvin Probe method based on compensation of internal contact potential difference. Electron emission from the same thin films was studied by two independent research groups using Photoelectron Emission Microscopy (PEEM).Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Effect of soybean oil on the concentration of vaccenic and rumenic fatty acids in grazing cow milk

El aceite de soya, rico en ácido linoleico, además del aporte de ácido linolénico mayoritario en el forraje, puede mejorar la producción de los ácidos grasos (AG) insaturados en la leche de vacas en pastoreo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de aceite de soya (0, 3 y 6 % BS), en dietas completas mezcladas parcial (pTMR) para seis vacas Holstein multíparas en pastoreo, sobre el desempeño productivo, producción, composición y perfil de AG, con énfasis en el contenido de AG vaccénico (AV) y ruménico (AR) en leche. El diseño experimental fue un cuadro latino repetido 33 con tres periodos experimentales de 21 d cada uno, y los tratamientos (T) fueron: T1pTMR-0, T2pTMR-3 y, T3pTMR-6. Los datos se analizaron con el procedimiento MIXTO y polinomios ortogonales para los efecto lineal y cuadrático (p0.05). El consumo de TMR disminuyó linealmente (p0.05) al aumentar el contenido de aceite de soya en la dieta. La leche de las vacas con pTMR-6 y pTMR-3 tuvieron 20.8 y 7.6 % menor contenido de AG saturados comparada con pTMR-0 (p0.05), principalmente una disminución de los AG C12, C14 y C16. El AV aumentó 50.3 y 128.7 % en la leche de las vacas con pTMR-3 y pTMR-6, comparado con pTMR-0; el AR fue mayor (p0.05) en pTMR-3. En conclusión, la adición de 6 % de aceite de soya en la TMR de vacas Holstein en pastoreo, aumentó la eficiencia productiva, modificó la composición de la leche y aumentó el contenido de AV y AR

Antonio de Tomé en el retablo de los Trinitarios de Zamora

La construcción de la iglesia de los Trinitarios calzados en la ciudad de Zamora supuso el adorno de la capilla mayor con un retablo principal y sus colaterales. En el artículo se relacionan estos colaterales con el foco vallisoletano, concretamente con el ensamblador Cristóbal Ruiz de Andino, y se acerca una Inmaculada Concepción al círculo de los Rozas. El retablo mayor, realizado a partir de 1710, se documenta como obra del ensamblador Francisco Pérez, y la mayor parte de las imágenes se atribuyen a Antonio Tomé.The building of the Calced Trinitarians church in the town of Zamora meant the decoration of the major chapel with a main altarpiece and its correspondent collaterals. In the article, these collaterals are linked to the Valladolid background, to be exact, to the assembler Cristóbal Ruiz de Andino, and a Immaculate Conception is attributed to the Rozas. The main altarpiece, which was carried out from 1710, is documented as being a work by assembler Francisco Pérez, and most of the images are attributed to Antonio Tomé

Biografía, hibridez literaria, elitismo social y modernismo en algunas crónicas desconocidas de Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera

The holdings of the 'Mapes-Carter' collection at Texas-Tech University contain a good amount of interesting material on Mexican modernista Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera (1859-1895). This material includes a group of unknown chronicles published by Nájera in El Cronista de México during the last moths of 1880. Those chronicles are especially useful to illuminate some aspects of Nájera's life as well as some other literary components of modernismo, such as the hybrid nature of chronicles, the links between modernismo and the social avant-garde of Porfirio Díaz' regime, and the role of women readers in this context.El fondo 'Mapes-Carter' de Texas-Tech University alberga una gran cantidad de material de primer interés acerca del modernista mexicano Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera (1859-1895). Entre ese material se encuentra una serie desconocida de crónicas publicadas por Nájera en El Cronista de México a finales de 1880 y que resultan especialmente útiles para iluminar la biografía del autor y otros aspectos como son la condición híbrida de la crónica finisecular, los vínculos del modernismo con las vanguardias y élites sociales del porfiriato y la relevancia del público femenino en todo este contexto

Accuracy of urea breath test performed immediately after emergency endoscopy in peptic ulcer bleeding

Producción CientíficaThe aim of this work is to investigate the accuracy of the urea breath test (UBT) performed immediately after emergency endoscopy in peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). METHODS: Urea breath test was carried out right after emergency endoscopy in patients with PUB. The accuracy of this early UBT was compared to a delayed one after hospital discharge that was considered the gold standard. Clinical and epidemiological factors were analyzed in order to study their influence on the accuracy of the early UBT. RESULTS: Early UBT was collected without any complication and good acceptance from all the 74 patients included. In 53 of the patients (71.6%), a delayed UBT was obtained. Comparing concordance between the two tests we have calculated an accuracy of 83% for the early UBT. Sensibility and specificity were 86.36 and 66%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 92.68% and negative predictive value of 50% (Kappa index = 0.468; p = 0.0005; CI: 95%). We found no influence of epidemiological factors, clinical presentation, drugs, times to gastroscopy, Forrest classification, endoscopic therapy, hemoglobin, and urea levels over the accuracy of early UBT. CONCLUSIONS: Urea breath test carried out right after emergency endoscopy in PUB is an effective, safe, and easy-to-perform procedure. The accuracy of the test is not modified by clinical or epidemiological factors, ulcer stage, or by the type of therapy applied. However, we have found a low negative predictive value for early UBT, so a delayed test is mandatory for all negative cases

Effects of organic chromium supplementation to finishing lambs diet on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate supplemental organic chromium (Cr) to finishing lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Eighteen Suffolk lambs (age (4.5±0.2) mon; (25.8±3.6) kg body weight (BW)) were randomly assigned to three levels of supplemental organic Cr (0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg–1 dry matter (DM)) in a complete random design. Growth performance was evaluated for 70 d, and then lambs were slaughtered to study carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat. Orthogonal contrasts were performed (contrast one-average level 0.2 ppm Cr vs. average level 0.4 ppm Cr; contrast two-level 0 vs. average levels (0.2+0.4) ppm Cr). Orthogonal polynomials were used to estimate the linear and quadratic effects of Cr concentrations. Growth and carcass performance were not affected by supplemental organic Cr. Muscle conformation and leg perimeter linearly increased (P<0.05) as organic Cr level increased in the diet. Kidney fat decreased linearly (P<0.05) as supplemental Cr increased. In Longissimus dorsi (LD), the ash content decreased linearly, and shear force (kg cm–2) increased (P<0.05) as organic Cr level increased in the diet. It is concluded that organic Cr did not affect growth performance, but it improved positively the muscle conformation, reduced kidney fat, whereas in LD there was an increment in shear force in finishing carcass lambs

Influence of Salix babylonica extract in combination or not with increasing levels of minerals mixture on in vitro rumen gas production kinetics of a total mixed ration

Plant extracts, with high concentrations of secondary metabolites, are good candidates for enhancing nutrient utilization (Patra et al., 2006; Cedillo et al., 2014). Administration of Salix babylonica (SB) extract to ruminants as feed additives modified in vitro ruminal fermentation in lambs (Jiménez-Peralta et al., 2011; Salem et al., 2014b), improved in vivo digestibility as well as average daily gain of lambs (Salem et al., 2011a, 2014b) and milk production (Salem et al., 2014a). Some plant extracts also improved animal growth and nutrient digestion (Mapiye et al., 2010; Salem et al., 2011a) due to positive impacts of their secondary metabolites on activity of ruminal microorganisms (Jiménez-Peralta et al., 2011) and/or increased amino acid flow to the duodenum (Mueller-Harvey, 2006). This can result in more muscle deposition and, consequently, heavier carcasses (Gleghorn et al., 2004) and improved meat quality (Mapiye et al., 2010).The aim of this study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of two feed additives composed of Salix babylonica (SB) extract and minerals mixture (MM) or their combination on in vitro gas production (GP) and dry matter (DM) degradability of total mixed ration (TMR; 50 concentrate: 50 corn silage, on DM basis). Combinations of four levels of SB extract (0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL/g DM) with four levels of MM (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 g/100 g DM) were evaluated in a completely random design. Samples of TMR (1 g) were weighed in 120 mL serum bottles with addition of SB extract and/or MM. Then, 10 mL of particle free ruminal fluid were added followed by 40 mL of the buffer solution. The GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Addition of SB extract, without MM, increased (P<0.05) asymptotic GP (mL/g DM), the rate of GP (/h), GP and DM degradability (DMD)

Relación jurídica entre el funcionario internacional y su organización

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída en 1975.Fac. de DerechoTRUEProQuestpu

Relación jurídica entre el funcionario internacional y su organización

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída en 1975.Fac. de DerechoTRUEProQuestpu

Ultrasonic fatigue testing of AISI 304 and 316 stainless steels under environmental and immersion conditions

Ultrasonic fatigue tests were carried out on stainless steel AISI 316 and 304, under two modalities: at room temperature and in immersion (water for 316 and antifreeze for 304 steels); all tests were carried out with a loading ratio R=-1. The results obtained in the tests at room temperature (without immersion), for both materials exhibited a significant increase in temperature, leaving heat marks on the narrow section of the specimens. This phenomenon occurred due to the low coefficient of thermal conductivity of these stainless steels (16.2 W/ (m °K)), and the recorded temperatures were around 200 °C, generating instantaneous failure of material. Analyzes of fracture surfaces on specimens tested at room temperature reveal that crack initiation was related to the high temperature, causing alteration at the granular scale of the material, followed by a typical behavior crack propagation and failure. For specimens tested under immersion conditions, it was possible to reduce the temperature below 100 °C, which solved the problem of failure due to thermal effect. The results for 316 stainless steel immersed in water showed a fatigue life of 1.188×1010 cycles at188 MPa of stress loading in the specimen; while specimens subjected to 263 MPa stress showed a fatigue life of around 7×106 cycles, representing a significant reduction with an approximate factor of 1700. On the other hand, specimens of 304 stainless steel immersed in antifreeze with the lowest loading values of 169 MPa, showing an infinite ultrasonic fatigue life; while tests subjected to 263 MPa loading stress attains 3.62×106 cycles of ultrasonic fatigue life. The scanning electron microscopy visualizations for both cases of immersion tests showed that the initiation and propagation of the crack occurred on the surface of the specimens, exhibiting the typical mechanical fracture behavior without any apparent thermal influence