β3-Adrenoceptor Antagonist SR59230A Attenuates the Imbalance of Systemic and Myocardial Oxygen Transport Induced by Dopamine in Newborn Lambs

Background In neonates, the increase in O 2 -delivery (DO 2 ) by dopamine is offset by a greater increase in O 2 -consumption (VO 2 ). This has been attributed to β 3 -adrenergic receptors in neonatal brown fat tissue. β 3 receptors in the heart have negative inotropic properties. We evaluated the effects of SR59230A, a β 3 -antagonist, on the balance of systemic and myocardial O 2 -transport in newborn lambs treated with dopamine. Methods Lambs (2-5 days old, n = 12) were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature were monitored. VO 2 was measured by respiratory mass spectrometry and cardiac output (CO) by a pulmonary artery transonic flowmeter. Arterial, jugular bulb venous and coronary sinus blood gases and lactate were measured to calculate DO 2 , O 2 extraction ratio (ERO 2 ), myocardial O 2 and lactate extraction ratios (mERO 2 , mERlac). After baseline measurements, lambs were randomized to receive SR59230A at 5 mg/kg iv (SRG) or placebo. Both groups received incremental doses of a dopamine infusion (0-5-10-15-20 mcg/kg/min) every 15 min. Measurements were repeated at the end of each dose. Results After SR59230A infusion, CO and HR trended to decrease ( P = 0.06), but no significant changes occurred in other parameters. Over the incremental doses of dopamine, temperature increased in both groups ( P 0.1). DO 2 trended to a small increase ( P = 0.08). VO 2 increased in both groups ( P < 0.0001) but to a lesser degree in SRG ( P < 0.0001). As a result, ERO 2 increased in both groups ( P < 0.0001), but to a lesser degree in SRG ( P < 0.0001). mERO 2 was lower in SRG ( P = 0.01) with a faster increase ( P < 0.0001). mERlac was higher in SRG ( P = 0.06) with a faster decrease ( P = 0.04). Conclusion Although SR59230A tends to induce an initial drop in CO, it significantly attenuates the rise in VO 2 and hence the imbalance of systemic and myocardial O 2 transport induced by dopamine at higher doses. Studies are warranted to examine the effect of SR59230A in cases of cardiac dysfunction and increased VO 2 , observed after cardiac surgery

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M&gt;70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0&lt;e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Revisors virksomhetsforståelse : med fokus på revisors oppfatninger om bransjespesialisering

Tematilsyn 2012 viser at mangler ved revisors virksomhetsforståelse har resultert i mangelfull risikovurdering, og dermed sviktende grunnlag for fastsettelse av etterfølgende revisjonshandlinger. Jeg gjennomførte semistrukturerte intervjuer med bransjespesialiserte norske revisorer for å sammenligne deres besvarelser med både tematilsynets observasjoner og det ISA-ene krever, for å forstå hvordan revisorene i praksis oppnår en tilstrekkelig virksomhetsforståelse. I tillegg undersøkte jeg hvilke oppfatninger norske revisorer har om hvordan bransjespesialisering bidrar til å gjøre virksomhetsforståelsen og risikovurderingen mer målrettet. Jeg fant at de norske revisorene generelt utøver tilfredsstillende risikovurderingshandlinger i samsvar med ISA 315, for å danne seg en forståelse av kundenes bransjer og forretninger. Likevel fant jeg at til tross for at standarden inneholder omfattende krav og veiledninger, besvarte de svært generelt om hva de gjør for å oppfylle kravene for å forstå kundens internkontroll. I tillegg fant jeg at kunden er den viktigste kilden for informasjon ved revisors opparbeidelse av bransjeforståelsen, og dette burde ikke være overraskende da vi i Norge bor i et samfunn hvor vi stoler på hverandre. Dette kunne umiddelbart synes å være problematisk og i strid med revisors krav til revisors profesjonelle skepsis, ettersom revisor innhenter informasjon direkte fra kunden for å oppnå denne forståelsen. Likevel tyder det på at dette avhjelpes når revisorene er bransjespesialiserte, da de stort sett innhenter informasjon fra ulike eksterne kilder og kunder, for å opparbeide seg både en bransje- og virksomhetsforståelse. Jeg oppdaget at revisorenes oppfatninger gir et inntrykk av at bransjespesialisering gjør revisorene mer målrettet ved å; utøve et spesialisert profesjonelt skjønn og skepsis, oppnå en tilstrekkelig virksomhetsforståelse, og utføre en effektiv risikovurdering. Dette begrunnes med at bransjespesialisering bidrar til at revisors system for informasjonsinnhenting blir mer endringsfokusert og spisset, slik at revisorene har større beslutningsgrunnlag for å avgjøre hvilken informasjon som er bransjespesifikk og viktig for å gjennomføre disse prosessene.nhhma