Growth temperature influences postharvest glucosinolate concentrations and hydrolysis product formation in first and second cuts of rocket salad

Rocket salad species (Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Eruca sativa; also known as E. vesicaria) are known for their high concentrations of health-related isothiocyanates, which are derived from secondary metabolites called glucosinolates. Increases in temperature due to climate change and extreme weather event frequencies over the coming decades are likely to influence not only the growth of leafy vegetables, but also their nutritional density. It is therefore essential to determine the impacts of these in order to mitigate crop losses and nutritional decline in future. Our data show there is a strong influence of pre-harvest growth temperatures on glucosinolate biosynthesis and formation of glucosinolate hydrolysis products postharvest, and that this is genotype dependent. High growth temperature (40 °C) severely retarded germination, growth, regrowth, and survival of rocket plants. Highest glucosinolate concentrations were observed in first and second cuts at 40 °C, but did not correspond to highest isothiocyanate concentrations (observed at 30 °C, second cut). Hydrolysis product formation is proportionately not as great as glucosinolate increases at 40 °C, possibly due to inhibition of enzyme function(s) at higher temperatures. These data indicate that high growth temperatures increase glucosinolate accumulation, but growth and productivity is significantly reduced. Much greater emphasis is needed for breeding cultivars tolerant to high growth temperatures in order to maximise nutritional benefits imparted by temperature stress

Obesity prevention and human service organisations : a survey of managers

The work of human service organisation staff to prevent obesity by assisting disadvantaged families to eat healthily and be active is discussed. The key findings of a study to describe managers' perceptions of the healthy eating and physical activity needs of vulnerable families are highlighted

Leaky Pipes, Leaky Wallet: A Look At OSU's Steam/Water Condensate Return System

Course Code: ENR/AEDE 4567One of The Ohio State University’s (OSU) goal is to reduce 5% potable water consumption per capita every five years and reset the baseline every five years thereafter.To achieve a 5% reduction in water consumption, H2 Block O’s research focuses on improving the efficiency of the steam condensate return system at McCracken Power Plant; a boiler plant that generates steam for 131 buildings on The Ohio State University’s campus. The motivation for this undertaking is to increase OSU’s water use rating with AASHE STARS, which is a tracking, assessment, and rating system used to measure sustainability among universities. The research objectives of this project include comparing McCracken’s current state to an efficient system, calculating a payback period analysis in order to weigh the decision-making process, and finally, the third objective is to make recommendations the university can embark on in the future to continue down a path of increased reduction in potable water consumption.Academic Major: Environment, Economy, Development, and Sustainabilit

Addressing the burden of obesity among disadvantaged families

The different ways in which the issue of childhood obesity can be addressed among disadvantaged families and how staff of human service organisations can support families are discussed. Efforts to improve the physical and mental health and social integration of disadvantaged families through supporting healthy lifestyles should be organisational priorities

Advice on healthy eating and physical activity where it is needed most : empowering home-visiting human services to provide the right information at the right time to vulnerable families

Background: Excessive weight gain adversely impacts on the health, social and economic wellbeing of children and families. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of a practice change intervention to improve the physical activity and healthy eating support offered by staff of human service organisations during home visits. Methods: The study employed a pre-post design. Sixty nine support staff and 29 managers from human service organisations from the Hunter New England Area Health Service (HNEAHS) region of NSW participated in the trial. Research officers provided staff with healthy eating and physical activity training, telephone support and resources, and encouraged managers to adopt a healthy eating and physical activity policy, and to support their staff in providing healthy eating and physical activity guidance to families. Results: Compared to pre-intervention, support staff of human service organisations were more likely to provide healthy eating and physical activity support to client families. The intervention was found to be acceptable to staff and managers. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a variety of supportive, practice change initiatives may be a feasible approach to increasing obesity prevention support provided to disadvantaged families by human service organisation staff

Validity of a self-report survey tool measuring the nutrition and physical activity environment of primary schools

Background: Valid tools measuring characteristics of the school environment associated with the physical activity and dietary behaviours of children are needed to accurately evaluate the impact of initiatives to improve school environments. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of Principal self-report of primary school healthy eating and physical activity environments. Methods: Primary school Principals (n = 42) in New South Wales, Australia were invited to complete a telephone survey of the school environment; the School Environment Assessment Tool – SEAT. Equivalent observational data were collected by pre-service teachers located within the school. The SEAT, involved 65 items that assessed food availability via canteens, vending machines and fundraisers and the presence of physical activity facilities, equipment and organised physical activities. Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement between the two measures. Results: Almost 70% of the survey demonstrated moderate to almost perfect agreement. Substantial agreement was found for 10 of 13 items assessing foods sold for fundraising, 3 of 6 items assessing physical activity facilities of the school, and both items assessing organised physical activities that occurred at recess and lunch and school sport. Limited agreement was found for items assessing foods sold through canteens and access to small screen recreation. Conclusions: The SEAT provides researchers and policy makers with a valid tool for assessing aspects of the school food and physical activity environment

Using the ionospheric response to the solar eclipse on 20th March 2015 to detect spatial structure in the solar corona

Long-term variability has previously been observed in the relative magnitude of annual and semi-annual variations in the critical frequency (related to the peak electron concentration) of the ionospheric F2 layer (foF2). In this paper we investigate the global patterns in such variability by calculating the time varying power ratio of semi-annual to annual components seen in ionospheric foF2 data sequences from 77 ionospheric monitoring stations around the world. The temporal variation in power ratios observed at each station was then correlated with the same parameter calculated from similar epochs for the Slough/Chilton data set (for which there exists the longest continuous sequence of ionospheric data). This technique reveals strong regional variation in the data, which bears a striking similarity to the regional variation observed in long-term changes to the height of the ionospheric F2 layer. We argue that since both the height and peak density of the ionospheric F2 region are influenced by changes to thermospheric circulation and composition, the observed long-term and regional variability can be explained by such changes. In the absence of long-term measurements of thermospheric composition, detailed modelling work is required to investigate these processes

Harnessing the power of advertising to prevent childhood obesity

Background: Social marketing integrates communication campaigns with behavioural and environmental change strategies. Childhood obesity programs could benefit significantly from social marketing but communication campaigns on this issue tend to be stand-alone. Methods: A large-scale multi-setting child obesity prevention program was implemented in the Hunter New England (HNE) region of New South Wales (NSW), Australia from 2005-2010. The program included a series of communication campaigns promoting the program and its key messages: drinking water; getting physically active and; eating more vegetables and fruit. Pre-post telephone surveys (n = 9) were undertaken to evaluate awareness of the campaigns among parents of children aged 2-15 years using repeat cross-sections of randomly selected cohorts. A total of 1,367 parents (HNE = 748, NSW = 619) participated. Results: At each survey post baseline, HNE parents were significantly more likely to have seen, read or heard about the program and its messages in the media than parents in the remainder of the state (p < 0.001). Further, there was a significant increase in awareness of the program and each of its messages over time in HNE compared to no change over time in NSW (p < 0.001). Awareness was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in HNE compared to NSW after each specific campaign (except the vegetable one) and significantly higher awareness levels were sustained for each campaign until the end of the program. At the end of the program participants without a tertiary education were significantly more likely (p = 0.04) to be aware of the brand campaign (31%) than those with (20%) but there were no other statistically significant socio-demographic differences in awareness. Conclusions: The Good for Kids communication campaigns increased and maintained awareness of childhood obesity prevention messages. Moreover, messages were delivered equitably to diverse socio-demographic groups within the region