El derecho a la ciudad como alternativa pluralista a la crisis urbana: el caso referencia de Barcelona

En el contexto generalizado de crisis en el que la transición sociohistórica y cultural condiciona la construcción científica así como la organización político-social del presente, al que se añade el actual proceso de globalización, este trabajo pretende repensar nuevas formas urbanas y construcciones normativas. Se aspira mostrar el diálogo entre el Derecho y el Urbanismo como adecuado para la construcción de un discurso jurídico sensibilizado por la realidad y nutrido por otras áreas del conocimiento como forma de alcanzar la eficacia social de la norma en el sentido del derecho a la ciudad. Dar nuevos sentidos a las construcciones normativas y a su efectividad es una de las alternativas posibles visualizadas en la gran contradicción de este siglo. Por tanto, el estudio se desarrolla desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, en que el derecho a la ciudad se presenta como la categoría analítica adecuada, ya que permite que se construya un contrapunto al consenso de ciudad y de enfoque jurídico actual. El espacio costero de Barcelona fue elegido como caso referencia por presentar importantes elementos de análisis, a saber: la planificación urbanística conocida como “modelo Barcelona”; la configuración de la ciudad como sede de los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992 y, su actual contexto de ciudad capitalista neoliberal que permite la reflexión sobre los fenómenos urbanos presentes en su territorio.In the general context of crisis, this work opens a space for rethinking new urban forms and legal instruments. Envisages demonstrating the possibilities of dialogue between Law and Urbanism for the construction of a legal discourse sensitized by the reality and nurtured by other knowledge areas as a way to achieve social efficiency of the law within the meaning of the right to city. Giving new meaning to normative constructions and their effectiveness is one possible alternative witnessed on the great contradictions of this century. The study is developed from an interdisciplinary perspective between Law and Urbanism. The right to the city is presented as the appropriate analytical category since it allows for building a counterpoint between the consensus of city and the current legal approach. Barcelona and its coastal zone have been chosen as a reference case as it features important elements of analysis: “Barcelona model”, Olympic city and its current context of capitalist city of a neoliberal pattern that allows for reflecting about the extremely actual present urban phenomena

Effect of deproteinization and tubular occlusion on microtensile bond strength and marginal microleakage of resin composite restorations

Dentin adhesion procedure presents limitations, especially regarding to lifetime stability of formed hybrid layer. Alternative procedures have been studied in order to improve adhesion to dentin. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of deproteinization or dentin tubular occlusion, as well as the combination of both techniques, on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and marginal microleakage of composite resin restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Extracted erupted human third molars were randomly divided into 4 groups. Dentin surfaces were treated with one of the following procedures: (A) 35% phosphoric acid gel (PA) + adhesive system (AS); (B) PA + 10% NaOCl + AS; (C) PA + oxalate + AS and (D) PA + oxalate + 10% NaOCl + AS. Bond strength data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The microleakage scores were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests. Significance level was set at 0.05 for all analyses. RESULTS: µTBS data presented statistically lower values for groups D and B, ranking data as A>C>B>D. The use of oxalic acid resulted in microleakage reduction along the tooth/restoration interface, being significant when used alone. On the other hand, the use of 10% NaOCl alone or in combination with oxalic acid, resulted in increased microleakage. CONCLUSIONS: Dentin deproteinization with 10% NaOCl or in combination with oxalate significantly compromised both the adhesive bond strength and the microleakage at interface. Tubular occlusion prior to adhesive system application seems to be a useful technique to reduce marginal microleakage

The English Ambivalent Attitude towards Italy in the Renaissance: The Case of Gascoigne's Supposes

openDuring the Early Modern Period, Italy and Italian culture were the target of great criticism by English writers, as for instance Roger Ascham. This attitude was exploited by a number of authors, such as William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson, who portrayed Italy as politically chaotic, dissolute and morally corrupting. Elizabethan criticism towards Italy was based both on religious aspects, linked to the conflict between Catholics and Protestants, as well as prejudice. Nevertheless, English culture benefitted from Anglo-Italian relations over the fifteenth and sixteenth century, since Italian Humanism and Renaissance brought new social, political and economic ideas and values, which modernized England. I clarify the context for this study in Chapter 1, which examines Anglo-Italian contacts in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, and the English ambiguous attitude to Italian culture, considering both negative perceptions and positive influence. Chapter 2 and 3 seek to illustrate how George Gascoigne's translation of Ludovico Ariosto's play ‘I Suppositi’ represent a striking example of the beneficial impact of Italian culture on English literature, also considering that ‘Supposes’ inspired Shakespeare for the renowned play ‘The Taming of the Shrew’

Developmental Defects of Enamel in Primary Teeth and Association with Early Life Course Events: A Study of 6--36 Month old Children in Manyara, Tanzania.

Children with low birth weight show an increased prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in the primary dentition that subsequently may predispose to early childhood caries (ECC).Focusing 6--36 months old, the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of enamel defects in the primary dentition and identify influences of early life course factors; socio-demographics, birth weight, child's early illness episodes and mothers' perceived size of the child at birth, whilst controlling for more recent life course events in terms of current breastfeeding and oral hygiene. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the high fluoride area of Manyara, northern Tanzania including 1221 child-mother pairs who attended Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) clinics for immunization and/or growth monitoring. After the primary caregivers had completed face to face interviews at the health care facility, children underwent oral clinical examination whereby ECC and developmental defects of enamel were recorded using field criteria. All erupted teeth were examined and the enamel defects were assessed on buccal surfaces according to the modified DDE Index. The prevalence of enamel defects was 33.3%. Diffuse opacities were the most common defects identified (23.1%), followed by hypoplasia (7.6%) and demarcated opacities (5.0%). The most frequently affected teeth were the upper central incisors (29.0% - 30.5%), whereas lower central incisors (4.3% to 4.5%) were least frequently affected. Multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for confounding the factors revealed that having normal birth weight (equal or more than 2500 g) associated with lower odds of having enamel hypoplasia [OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.1-0.7)]. No statistically significant association occurred between birth weight and diffuse opacities, demarcated opacities or combined DDE. Children with the history of low birth weight were more likely than their normal birth weight counterparts to present with enamel hypoplasia. In view of the frequent occurrence of enamel defects and the fact that hypoplasia may constitute a risk factor for future ECC, enamel defects should be included as a dental health indicator in epidemiological studies of children in northern Tanzania

Inflammation markers in healthy and periodontitis patients: a preliminary data screening

Advances in diagnostic research are moving towards methods whereby the periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures using biomarkers. Patients with periodontitis may have elevated circulating levels of specific inflammatory markers that can be correlated to the severity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers are differentially expressed in healthy and periodontitis patients. Twenty-five patients (8 healthy patients and 17 chronic periodontitis patients) were enrolled in the study. A 15 mL blood sample was used for identification of the inflammatory markers, with a human inflammatory flow cytometry multiplex assay. Among 24 assessed cytokines, only 3 (RANTES, MIG and Eotaxin) were statistically different between groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, some of the selected markers of inflammation are differentially expressed in healthy and periodontitis patients. Cytokine profile analysis may be further explored to distinguish the periodontitis patients from the ones free of disease and also to be used as a measure of risk. The present data, however, are limited and larger sample size studies are required to validate the findings of the specific biomarkers.Avanços no diagnóstico da doença periodontal levam a métodos nos quais o risco e atividade da doença periodontal podem ser identificados e quantificados por biomarcadores. Pacientes com periodontite podem apresentar elevados níveis circulatórios de marcadores inflamatórios específicos que podem ser correlacionados com a severidade da doença. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as diferenças nos níveis séricos de biomarcadores inflamatórios em pacientes saudáveis e com doença periodontal. Foram incluídos no estudo 25 pacientes (8 saudáveis e 17 com periodontite crônica). Uma amostra de 15 mL de sangue foi obtida para identificar os marcadores inflamatórios simultaneamente utilizando Array de proteínas através de citometria de fluxo. De 24 citocinas inflamatórias analisadas, apenas 3 (RANTES, MIG e Eotaxina) apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) entre os dois grupos. Conclui-se que alguns marcadores inflamatórios selecionados apresentam diferença de concentração em pacientes com periodontite e saudáveis. A análise do perfil de citocinas pode ser utilizada tanto para distinguir pacientes periodontais de pacientes saudáveis, como para medir o risco à doença. Contudo, mais estudos com número maior de amostras são necessários para validar os achados sobre os biomarcadores específicos.FAPESPCNP

Florianópolis: as marcas do legalismo autoritário em Desterro

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. HistóriaEssa pesquisa tem como principal objetivo compreender como ocorreu a mudança do nome da capital catarinense em 1º de outubro de 1894, quando Desterro passou a se chamar Florianópolis. A conturbada conjuntura política dos primeiros anos da república no Brasil será o palco desta investigação e, dessa forma, o intuito desse esforço científico é trazer novos elementos que ampliem o escopo de entendimento sobre o tema, buscando retratar também a perspectiva dos vencidos naqueles conflitos. Para tanto, foi necessário dividir a pesquisa em três partes igualmente relevantes. Primeiramente, se buscou produzir uma síntese histórica que abarcaria os fatos e acontecimentos pertinentes ao nosso objeto de estudo, houve, portanto, um processo de contextualização dos meses que antecederam a mudança do nome da capital catarinense. Num segundo momento, foi proposto um debate historiográfico entre as correntes de pensamento que produziram conhecimento ligado ao tema, dando espaço também para a análise dos manuscritos de Duarte Paranhos Schutel. Já no último segmento desta pesquisa, o foco da análise migrou para a capital federal. Examinando o periódico “Correio da Tarde”, a principal fonte deste estudo, se buscou inferir como os círculos intelectuais oposicionistas ao governo central no Rio de Janeiro percebiam a homenagem feita a Floriano Peixoto em terras catarinenses. Observa-se, desta forma, que o processo de mudança do nome da capital catarinense em outubro de 1894 ocorreu de maneira legal, porém numa conjuntura de intensa repressão política e, portanto não foi fruto de um consenso da sociedade catarinense, ao contrário, a análise proposta evidenciou o caráter simbolicamente violento de tal ato, o caracterizando como uma expressão do autoritarismo estatal

First Thousand Days of Child Life and the Development of Risk Factors for Malocclusions

Objective: To identify the association between individual and socioeconomic factors during the first thousand days of the child\u27s life and the occurrence of risk behaviors for the development of malocclusions. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. A sample of 655 6-year-old schoolchildren and families was included. Interviews with mothers were performed at home. The dependent variables were risk behaviors to the development of malocclusions. Independent variables were socioeconomic conditions, aspects of gestation, birth and health of the child up to two years of age. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed through Poisson regression. Results: Maternal education of less than eight years was independently associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until the fourth month (PR=1.58 CI 95%; 1.07; 2.37). Occupation of the mother with income [PR=1.26; 1.02; 1.56)], occupation of the father without income [PR=1.46 (1.01; 2.14)] were associated fwith interruption of breastfeeding until the sixth month. Pregnancy in adolescence [PR=0.83 (0.70; 0.98)] and nursery attendance [PR=1.15 (1.02; 1.28)] were associated with bottle use. Nursery attendance [PR=1.27 (1.01; 1.59)], hospitalization in the first 29 days of life [PR=1.34 (1.01; 1.80)], occurrence of reflux [PR=1.30 (1.01; 1.70)] were associated with pacifier using. Conclusion: Variables related to the period of the first thousand days of life are associated with higher risk behaviors for the occurrence of malocclusions