Vibrational analysis of Ag3(PO2NH)3, Na3(PO2NH)3.H2O, Na3(PO2NH)3.4H2O, [C(NH2)3]3(PO2NH)3.H2O and (NH4)4(PO2NH)4.4H2O

FT IR and FT Raman spectra of Ag3(PO2NH), (Compound I), Na3(PO2NH)3.H2O (Compound II), Na3(PO2NH)3.4H2O (Compound III), [C(NH2)3]3(PO2NH)3.H2O (Compound IV) and (NH4)4(PO2NH)4.4H2O (Compound V) are recorded and analyzed on the basis of the anions, cations and water molecules present in each of them. The PO2NH− anion ring in compound I is distorted due to the influence of Ag+ cation. Wide variation in the hydrogen bond lengths in compound III is indicated by the splitting of the v2 and v3 modes of vibration of water molecules. The NH4 ion in compound V occupies lower site symmetry and exhibits hindered rotation in the lattice. The correlations between the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of P-N-P bridge and the P-N-P bond angle have also been discussed

Decolonizing the Study of Africa-Related Religions: Reflections on Translocality and Positionality Using the Example of Liberia

This article examines the ongoing process of decolonizing the study of Africa-related religions, which has been shaped by the Anglicizing civilizing mission in sub-Saharan Africa and the current state of English-language academic research. It highlights the importance of understanding researchers’ positionality and the power asymmetries involved in the negotiation of Africa, religion, and education. The first part of the article presents a historical example from Liberia around 1900, illustrating the role of agency and language in the institutionalization of religious studies. The second part emphasizes the significance of translocal entanglements and the differentiation of positionalities for academic collaboration. The article argues that the Christian-European civilizing project continues to influence the field, making the decolonization project and efforts to localize knowledge production about Africa an ongoing and unfinished task. Finally, it offers three theses to inspire future research and discussions on Africa, religion, and coloniality

Helmut Zander, Die Anthroposophie – Rudolf Steiners Ideen zwischen Esoterik, Weleda, Demeter und Waldorfpädagogik

Der Autor und sein Werk Helmut Zander gilt weithin als der am breitesten durch Veröffentlichungen zu Anthroposophie im deutschsprachigen Bereich aufgestellte Religionshistoriker an einer nicht-anthroposophischen Einrichtung. Er hat derzeit den Lehrstuhl für Vergleichende Religionsgeschichte und Interreligiösen Dialog an der römisch-katholischen Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Freiburg / Université de Fribourg inne. Seine Arbeiten und Positionierungen zu Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) und z..

Dietary intake of zinc, pyridoxine, and folacin of children with Down Syndrome

Individuals with Down Syndrome frequently have a myriad of problems that interfere with their potential for optimal nutritional status. Early in life, their hypotonicity may result in a weak or poor suck. As these infants grow older, factors such as poor chewing ability, dental and jaw anomalies, and frequent illnesses may also interfere with their dietary intake. In addition, these children are shorter in stature than the normal population of the same age which may decrease caloric requirements, and they may have other structural and/ or biochemical alterations that interfere with nutrient intake or utilization or may alter nutrient need. This investigation compared analyses of dietary intakes of 31 children and adolescents with Down Syndrome and 31 age and sex matched controls ranging in age from five months to 13 years. The analyses included Mean intakes and Mean percentage of the RDA for energy, protein, zinc, pyridoxine, and folacin. The experimental group had significantly lower intakes of zinc when compared to their controls (p 0.05). Younger children (ages three and under) with Down Syndrome had significantly lower intakes of energy and zinc (p 0.05) when compared to their age and sex matched controls; but no significant differences were found in the older group, ages 4-13 years, nor between the girls and boys in either the experimental and control groups. A significant correlation between the intake of protein and zinc was noted for all participants in both the experimental group (p 0.01) and the control groups (p 0.05). Results from a questionnaire using percentage of response showed that children with Down Syndrome are ill much more frequently than normal controls and were rated by their parents more often as being "poor eaters."California State University, Northridge. Department of Home Economics.Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-64

Hanns Lessing et al. (Hrsg.), Umstrittene Beziehungen / Contested Relations

Rezensiertes Werk: Hanns Lessing, Tilman Dedering, Jürgen Kampmann, Dirkie Smit in Verbindung mit Rudolf Hinz, Christine Lienemann-Perrin, Christoph Marx, Kirsten Rüther (Hrsg.). Im Auftrag der Träger und des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats des Studienprozesses zur Rolle der Kirchenbeziehungen zwischen Deutschland und dem südlichen Afrika. 2015. Umstrittene Beziehungen: Protestantismus zwischen dem südlichen Afrika und Deutschland von den 1930er Jahren bis in die Apartheidzeit / Contested Relations: Protestantism between Southern Africa and Germany from the 1930s to the Apartheid Era. Studien zur Außereuropäischen Christentumsgeschichte (Asien, Afrika, Lateinamerika) / Studies in the History of Christianity in the Non-western World. Band 26. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 771 Seiten, 68,00 €. ISBN: 987-3-447-10424-

Helmut Zander, Die Anthroposophie – Rudolf Steiners Ideen zwischen Esoterik, Weleda, Demeter und Waldorfpädagogik

Rezensiertes Werk: Helmut Zander, Die Anthroposophie – Rudolf Steiners Ideen zwischen Esoterik, Weleda, Demeter und Waldorfpädagogik, Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn, 2019, 287 Seiten, 39,90€. ISBN: 978-3-506-79225-9 (paperback), ISBN: 978-3-657-79225-2 (e-book