Sarcasm in written communication: emoticons are efficient markers of intention

Here we present two studies that investigate the use of emoticons in clarifying message intent. We look at sarcasm in particular, which can be especially hard to interpret correctly in written communication. In both studies, participants were required to make the intentions of their messages clear. In the first, they clarified the meaning of existing sentences without altering the wording; in the second, they produced their own sentences. Results provided clear evidence that tongue and wink emoticons are the principal indicators of sarcastic intent, and that ellipsis is associated more with criticism, rather than with sarcasm. These findings highlight the significant role emoticons play in clarifying message intention, compensating for the absence of non-verbal cues in written communicatio

A Kinetic Study of the Dissociation of Aluminum Bound to an Aquatic Fulvic Acid

The disssociation kinetics of alximinum-fulvic acid (Al-FA) as a function of the concentration of fulvic acid, pH, and ionic strength were studied with a fluorescence ligand exchange method using lumogallion. A graphical method and statistical non-linear regression were used for analyzing kinetic data. A two component, five parameters model appeared to fit the data best. For a fixed aluminum concentration, dissociation rates decreased as the concentration of fulvic acid increased and a greater fraction of the total aluminum appeared in the most slowly dissociating component. Increasing pH slightly decreased the dissociation rate. Ionic strength appeared to have no effect. The estimated pseudo-first-order dissociation rate constants for the two components were about 0.1 and 0.01 min(superscript)-1 respectively.Master of Science in Public Healt

Statistical learning dynamically shapes auditory perception

Humans implicitly pick up on probabilities of stimuli and events, yet it remains unclear how statistical learning builds expectations that affect perception. Across 29 experiments, we examine the influence of task-irrelevant distributions—defined across acoustic frequency—on both tone detection in noise and tone duration judgments. The shape and range of the frequency distributions impact suppression and enhancement effects, as does a given tone's position within the range. Perception adapts quickly to changing distributions, but past distributions influence future judgments. Massed exposure to a single frequency impacts perception along a range of subsequently encountered frequencies. A novel bias emerges as well: lower frequencies are perceived as longer and higher ones as shorter. Probability-driven learning dynamically shapes perception, driven by interacting influences of sensory processing, distributional learning, and selective attention that sculpt a gain function involving modest enhancement of more-likely stimuli, and robust suppression of less-likely stimuli

Trends in and Contributions to Tallinn Manual Research: An Assessment of the Literature from 1998 to November 2022

nitially aimed at identifying trends and contributions in the extensive field of "Tallinn Manual," this article examines 26 academic publications related to Tallinn Manual, which were featured in journals indexed in the WoS (Web of Science) from 1998 to November 2022. In this survey, we have conducted a thorough analysis of relevant keywords and reviewed numerous articles to determine their connection with the subject matter. Our study encompasses various parameters, such as the amount of publications per year, classification of article types, primary authors, academic journals, and the highest frequently cited articles. Moreover, we have examined citation counts for journals, authors, and articles. The outcomes of our study suggest a noticeable growth in the number of articles related to the Tallinn Manual between 1998 and November 2022, indicating an increasing trend in the influence of Tallinn Manuals before 2020. The research on Tallinn Manual has captivated the attention of several scholars during the study period. Notably, scholars from the United States, Australia, England, the Netherlands, and South Korea have made substantial contributions to this subject. Our study stresses the fact that the notion of Tallinn Manual has piqued the interest of academic researchers, leading to noteworthy advancements in Tallinn Manual research

Trends in and contributions to entrepreneurship research: a broad review of literature from 1996 to June 2012

This article, which began as an effort to gauge trends in and contributions to the broad field of “entrepreneur/entrepreneurship,” reviews 5,476 academic articles on entrepreneurship that were published in 522 Social Sciences Citation Index and Science Citation Index journals from 1996 to June 2012. This survey identifies keywords and conducts a review to search for and identify related articles in the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science database. We then present our findings, including the number of publications by year, categorization of article types, main academic journals, authors, and most-cited articles. The citation counts for authors, journals, and articles are also analyzed. This study indicates that the number of articles related to the keyword entrepreneur increased from 1996 to the end of 2011, which is a sign of an upward trend in the influence of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneur research fascinated numerous scholars during the study period covering 16.5 years. In particular, researchers from the USA, England, Canada, Germany, and the Netherlands have made the most contributions to this field. This literature review provides evidence that the concept of entrepreneur attracted academic researchers, resulting in significant contributions to the field of entrepreneur research

Scientific research trends in gifted individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A Bibliographic Scattering Analysis (1998-2020)

This study used the bibliographic scattering analysis to explore the scientific publications trends on gifted individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) over the past 23 years. The study examined the applicability and appropriateness of Bradford’s and Lotka’s laws of scattering to measure the impact factors of journals, institutions, countries, researchers, and personal publications on the area of research. After examining 95 research papers published in 55 Social Sciences Citation Indexed (SSCI) journals from 1998 to 2020. The rank list was prepared to identify the core journals in education. Themost frequent venues of journals in descending order of times cited are, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Science (USA) with 33.8% of citation, followed by the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (USA) with 10.3% of citation and Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (USA) with 8.2% of citation. The top four categories of research were psychology with 37.13% of publications, followed by psychiatry (13.77%), neurosciences and neurology (11.38%), and education (8.38%). The study found that Asperger syndrome (AS) is still used in academic studies, even after it was immersed in the ASD by DSM-5 criteria. The findings and limitations were presented and discussed. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group