Something to celebrate (or not): the differing impact of promotion to manager on the job satisfaction of women and men

The literatures on gender status stereotyping and glass ceiling have shown that women managers have more difficult job experiences than men, but whether these experiences result in lower job satisfaction is still an open question. Using fixed-effects models in a longitudinal national sample, this study examines differences in job satisfaction between women and men promoted into lower- and higher-level management, after controlling for key determinants of job satisfaction. Results indicate that promotions to management are accompanied by an increase in job satisfaction for men, but not for women and that the differing effect lasts beyond the promotion year. Moreover, following promotion, the job satisfaction of women promoted to higher-level management even starts declining. The type of promotion (internal or lateral) does not modify this effect. By clarifying the relationship between gender, promotion to managerial position and job satisfaction the study contributes to the literature on the gender gap in managerial representation

Job satisfaction differs between men and women after they're promoted to managers

The existence of a persistent gender gap in managerial representation, especially in upper-management positions, is widely documented and understanding its causes remains an important endeavour for researchers and policy makers in developed economies

Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania

Although the development of a new private sector is generally considered crucial to economic transition and development, there has been little empirical research on the determinants of startup firm growth. This paper uses panel data techniques to analyze a survey of 297 new small enterprises in Romania containing detailed information from the startup date through 2001. We find strong evidence that access to external finance (loans) increases the growth of both employment and sales. Taxes appear to constrain growth. There is some evidence that entrepreneurial skills increase growth, but only weak evidence for the effectiveness of technical assistance, and only when it is provided by foreign partners or international agencies. A wide variety of alternative measures of the business environment (contract enforcement, property rights, and corruption) are tested, but are found to have little or no association with firm growth.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40025/3/wp639.pd

The role and place of the individual peasant farms in the economic sustenability of the rural population in Romania

The paper is a analyse of the exploitation structures, the evolution of the land resource in the agriculture focussed on the part and place of the individual-peasant farms in agricultural economy of Romania. The farms were grouped by size and in each group is calculated the weight in agricultural aria, average size in hectares, number of the animals for the main species average per farm, density per 100 ha. Is compared economic performances of the individual peasant farms with those of the units with legal status, great sized. On the basis of the results obtained is evident the economic and social role of the individual peasant farms in sense off the durable rural development concept. Is proposed adjustment of much support for the purpose of increasing the performances of this category of farms inclusively by increasing their size