Ecological Wisdom of The Bajo Tribe in The Perspective of Fiqh al-Bi’ah and Green Constitution

The Bajo community, as a traditional maritime group, has long practiced marine environmental conservation, such as avoiding marine pollution and protecting endangered species. However, these conservation efforts are often perceived as lacking a firm legal foundation within both formal legal systems and Islamic law, making local wisdom-based conservation initiatives susceptible to neglect by both the government and the broader society. This study aims to analyze the marine environmental conservation practices of the Bajo community from the perspectives of Islamic environmental jurisprudence and the concept of green constitutionalism. The study conducted a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with Bajo community members, religious leaders, and relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that the unwritten customary regulations of the Bajo community emphasize the sanctity of the sea and promote a subject-to-subject relationship between humans and nature. The conservation practices of the Bajo community align with the principles of Islamic environmental law (fiqh al-bi’ah), particularly the principle of prioritizing environmental sustainability for the welfare of humanity. Furthermore, the study finds that Bajo conservation traditions have adopted the principles of green constitutionalism enshrined in Article 28 H of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, which ensures the right to a healthy and sustainable environment

Pengaruh Debat Ilmiah Asian Parliamentary Dan British Parliamentary Terhadap Pengembangan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa(Studi Kasus di Muhammadiyah English Debating Society/MEDS dan Nādy Al-Munādhoroh Li Al-lughoh Al-‘Arabiyyah/Namlah UMS)

This research is motivated by the low ability of students to reason and think critically in Indonesia. In 2018, the PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) initiated by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development was a study to evaluate the education system which was attended by more than 70 countries around the world showing that Indonesia was ranked 7th from bottom . In addition, the growth of globalization which continues to develop encourages all aspects to adapt to the development of science and technology. In order to adapt required human resources who have good competence. Various educational research results show that critical thinking is able to prepare students in various disciplines, and can be used to prepare careers and real life. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of scientific debate using 2 parliamentary systems, namely Asian Parliamentary and British Parliamentary, on increasing critical thinking skills in students at the Namlah student activity unit (Nādy Al-munādhoroh Li Al-lughoh Al-'arabiyyah) and MEDS (Muhammadiyah English Debating Society). Namlah is a student activity unit in the field of Arabic debate and MEDS is a student activity unit in the field of debate under the auspices of the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The research method used is qualitative. Digging data with in-depth interviews and observations of the informants. The results of the study show that scientific debates using the Asian and British Parliamentary systems have an impact on increasing students' critical thinking skills. This can be seen by using the theory put forward by Ennis that the character of critical thinking has aspects and indications, namely: giving simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, providing further explanations, and managing strategies and tactics. All aspects have actually been applied to parliamentary scientific debates. The British Parliamentary has the positive side of strict regulations and complex obstacles, forcing participants to think quickly and prepare lots of arguments. In addition, the number of participants in each room was 8 people which were divided into the opening pro team, the closing pro team, the opening cons team, the closing counter team and each team really brought a different argument. The opening pro team and closing pro team are not allies, but all opponents. Meanwhile, Asian Parliamentary allows participants to focus more on one argument and has a duration of motion surgery so that motions are more mature. This is because in one room there are only 6 people who are divided into pro and con teams only. The Asian system is usually used by student activity units to train new members in motion surgery. The theory put forward by Slameto is that habits greatly influence the learning process. Critical thinking is also influenced by one's habits. If someone never tries to improve critical thinking, increased critical thinking will not occur. In the field, it was found that many members of the two Namlah and MEDS student activity units had not been active and intensively participated in training and scientific debate competitions. This is because debate is still considered difficult and only certain people and those who have high intelligence are able to participate

Regulation of Maturity Based on Marriage Law in Indonesia: A Perspective on Legal Benefits

The level of maturity is a reference that a person is capable of carrying out a marriage. Facts in the field show that there are cases of divorce carried out by couples who have met the age requirements. Reaching the minimum age of maturity in marriage is not enough to conclude that a person is mature. In Marriage Law Number 16 of 2019, only the minimum age limit for marriage is explained or it can be explicitly said that a person is an adult it was 19 years old. Meanwhile, you should also consider the emotional maturity of the person. So it is necessary to clarify the oncept of maturity in marriage law in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to examine maturity regulations based on the Marriage Law in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research with a philosophical approach, a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The techniques used to analyze legal materials are survey, question, read, recite/recal, review using deductive thinking. The results of the analysis show that maturity plays a major role in the success or failure of a relationship, maturity influences a person's ability to truly commit to a lifelong relationship and understand that commitment means giving up all other partner options. Maturity impacts a person's ability to understand concepts and apply the skills necessary to form and maintain healthy relationships. This can be used as a consideration in legal reform in order to create responsive and progressive legal rules

Itsbat Nikah: Legalizing marriage outside the record in Indonesia

This study focuses on the legal impact of marriage registration in the context of itsbat marriages in religious courts, particularly for marriages that occurred after 1974 without an official certificate and were not registered in the compilation of Islamic law (KHI). It aims to evaluate the itsbat marriage as a legal mechanism for recognizing marriages that are not officially registered. Normative analysis, a philosophical and analytical approach, serves as the research method, reviewing the relevant legal framework and court practice in handling divorce cases. The results showed that unregistered marriages after 1974 can be legally recognised through the itsbat nikah procedure. The Article 7, Paragraph 3, letter KHI, outlines the necessary conditions. With this procedure, spouses can receive written evidence of their marriage’s legality in the form of a marriage certificate, which is then registered by the official Religious Affairs office. This study emphasizes the importance of marriage registration for legal certainty and protection of individual rights, and highlights how itsbat nikah plays a critical role in addressing the problem of marriage without official registration