The Effect of Agglomeration Size on Local Taxes

Standard tax competition models predict a ‘race-to-the-bottom’ of corporate tax rates when firms are mobile. Recent theoretical literature has qualified this view by offering a theoretical explanation why this extreme prediction need not occur: central regions with large clusters of economic activity are able to set positive tax rates without fearing to lose firms to peripheral regions as the firms would forego ‘rents’ from agglomeration economies. In this paper, we study whether local policy makers effectively tax such agglomeration rents. We test this with panel data from Swiss municipalities between 1985 and 2005. We find that large urban areas set indeed higher tax rates than small ones. This is consistent with the theoretical prediction. Within urban areas, however, municipal tax rates are unrelated to the size of economic activity in and around municipalities while they are positively related to the size of the political jurisdiction. We see this result as evidence that the standard tax competition model for asymmetric jurisdictions is at work in the competition of municipalities within an urban area. Both results are robust to controlling for reverse causality by using instrumental variables. Controlling for fixed effects in a 20 year panel is non-informative and neither supports nor contradicts these findings. As a robustness check we introduce an new measure of cluster intensity which considers the varying intensities in agglomeration economies across sectors.agglomeration, local taxation, corporate taxes, tax competition

Evolutionary Dilemmas in a Social Network

We simulate the prisoner's dilemma and hawk-dove games on a real social acquaintance network. Using a discrete analogue of replicator dynamics, we show that surprisingly high levels of cooperation can be achieved, contrary to what happens in unstructured mixing populations. Moreover, we empirically show that cooperation in this network is stable with respect to invasion by defectors.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures; to be published in Lecture Notes in Computer Science 200

L'intégration du mouvement à l'école : une influence positive sur l'attention des élèves ?

Dans ce travail, il est question du mouvement à l'école. Plus précisément, est-ce que le mouvement en classe favorise l'attention des élèves pendant l'enseignement ? Pour répondre à cette question, les élèves de trois classes de villages du canton de Neuchâtel ont passé un test d’attention, le test « d2 ». Au sein de ces trois classes, l'une d'elles avait complètement intégré le mouvement dans ses apprentissages, une faisait partie de « l'école bouge » et donc favorisait le mouvement en proposant des pauses en mouvement pendant l’enseignement, et la troisième ne donnait pas de place particulière au mouvement. Malheureusement, pour différentes raisons les résultats de la classe accordant le plus de place au mouvement ont trop de biais pour être vraiment pris en compte. Cependant, en analysant et comparant les résultats de ces tests, nous arrivons à la conclusion que les classes intégrant des moments de mouvement dans leurs cours ont des élèves plus attentifs que celles qui ne favorisent pas spécialement le mouvement

Hawks and Doves on Small-World Networks

We explore the Hawk-Dove game on networks with topologies ranging from regular lattices to random graphs with small-world networks in between. This is done by means of computer simulations using several update rules for the population evolutionary dynamics. We find the overall result that cooperation is sometimes inhibited and sometimes enhanced in those network structures, with respect to the mixing population case. The differences are due to different update rules and depend on the gain-to-cost ratio. We analyse and qualitatively explain this behavior by using local topological arguments.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Mutual Trust and Cooperation in the Evolutionary Hawks-Doves Game

Using a new dynamical network model of society in which pairwise interactions are weighted according to mutual satisfaction, we show that cooperation is the norm in the Hawks-Doves game when individuals are allowed to break ties with undesirable neighbors and to make new acquaintances in their extended neighborhood. Moreover, cooperation is robust with respect to rather strong strategy perturbations. We also discuss the empirical structure of the emerging networks, and the reasons that allow cooperators to thrive in the population. Given the metaphorical importance of this game for social interaction, this is an encouraging positive result as standard theory for large mixing populations prescribes that a certain fraction of defectors must always exist at equilibrium.Comment: 23 pages 12 images, to appea

Coarse-grained strain dynamics and backwards/forwards dispersion

A Particle Tracking Velocimetry experiment has been performed in a turbulent flow at intermediate Reynolds number. We present experimentally obtained stretching rates for particle pairs in the inertial range. When compensated by a characteristic time scale for coarse-grained strain we observe constant stretching. This indicates that the process of material line stretching taking place in the viscous subrange has its counterpart in the inertial subrange. We investigate both forwards and backwards dispersion. We find a faster backwards stretching and relate it to the problem of relative dispersion and its time asymmetry.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figue

TARI DALAM SENI BEDUG KEROK DI KAMPUNG SENI YUDHA ASRI DESA MANDEUR KECAMATAN BANDUNGKABUPATEN SERANG BANTEN

Penelitian ini berjudul “Tari Dalam Seni Bedug Kerok di Kampung Seni Yudha Asri Desa Mandeur Kecamatan Bandung Kabupaten Serang Banten”, dengan mengungkap permasalahan mengenai seni bedug kerok di Kampung Wisata Seni Yudha Asri dan memiliki ciri khas atau keunikan tersendiri dan tetap menarik sebagai aspek seni budaya penunjang pariwisata daerah.. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan latar belakang terciptanya tari dalam seni bdug kerok dan struktur pertunjukan tari dalam seni bedug kerok yang meliputi koreografi, rias dan busana, serta musik pengiring tari dalam seni bedug kerok. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif, sementara hasil penelitian ini bahwa seni bedug kerok diciptakan pada tahun 1982 merupakan kreativitas dan inovasi dari seorang seniman bernama M.Jufri Noor yang prihatin dengan keadaan seni tradisi dan kondisi masyarakat pada jaman peralihan kekuasaan dari masa orde baru ke masa revormasi, oleh sebab itu penari laki-laki dalam seni bedug kerok menggunakan topeng revormasi. Pertunjukan tari dalam seni bedug kerok meliputi Koreigrafi, mempunyai enam adegan dengan 19 ragam gerak, penari perempuan menggunakan rias cantik, sementara busana yang digunakan penari tertutup serta musik iringan tari dalam seni bedug kerok menggunakan musik perkusi diantaranya bedug inti 4 buah, terbang gede 1 buah, kendang, saron, kecrek, goong, dan beluk (vocal). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa Tari Dalam Seni Bedug Kerok sebagai sarana hiburan bagi masyarakat dan kesenian ini akan tetap terjaga kelestarian dan, keasliannya, lebih berkembang, serta mendapat tempat bagi masyarakat pendukungnya, dan menjadi aset pariwisata daerah setempat. This study, entitled "Dance In The Village Art Scrape drum Yudha Asri Village Arts District of Bandung Mandeur Serang Banten", to reveal problems with the art of drum scrape at Tourism Village Art Yudha Asri and has a characteristic or unique and remain attractive as an aspect of art and culture supporting regional tourism .. the purpose of this study was to describe the creation of a dance background in art bdug scraped and structure in art drum dance performance scrape which includes choreography, makeup and fashion, as well as the musical accompaniment in the art of dance drum scrape. This research method uses descriptive method of analysis with a qualitative approach, while the results of this study that the art of drum scrape Created in 1982, the creativity and innovation of an artist named M.Jufri Noor is concerned with the state of the art and tradition of community conditions at the time of the transfer of power from the past new Order to the Reform era, therefore the male dancers in the art of using a mask drum scrape the Reform. Dance in the art of drum covers Koreigrafi scrape, has six scenes with 19 range of motion, using a makeup beautiful female dancers, while the used clothing covered dancers and musical accompaniment of dance in the art of percussion drum scrape them using a core drum 4 pieces, 1 piece big fly , drums, saron, manacle, goong, and outs (vocals). The conclusion of this study that the drum Scrape Dance In Art as a means of entertainment for the community and this art will stay awake and sustainability, authenticity, more developed, as well as a place for the community of supporters, and become the local tourism assets. Keywords: dance, drum Scrape