Root rot in north-temperate forest stands

The aim of the present thesis was to study the biology and to evaluate possible means of silvicultural control of tree root pathogens Heterobasidion spp., Armillaria spp. and Rhizina undulata. First investigated option was the prevention of Heterobasidion spp. by establishing mixed coniferous-deciduous tree plantations, which would allow thinning delay and thus the absence of stumps that are main infection courts for the pathogen. Results showed that full prevention can be achieved, and that mixed stands also produced a better yield than pure plantations. During the second experiment it was demonstrated that the treatment of stumps with biological (Rotstop) and chemical (urea) control agents can also effectively prevent the Heterobasidion infections, and that the biological control is more environmentally friendly than the chemical. Furthermore, the prevention of loss in forest areas that already were heavily infested by Heterobasidion spp. was investigated. It was shown that in such areas the pathogen persists in root systems of killed trees for decades and readily attacks replanted deciduous trees, e.g. birch. Despite that, the results indicated clearly that the loss could be minimised by replanting the infested sites with more resistant tree species. The investigations of root rot in declining stands of ash led to a hypothesis that saprotrophic behaviour of weakly pathogenic Armillaria cepistipes has been shifted to aggressive pathogenic by some predisposing factor (-s) (possibly - water stress) after at least 20–30 years of latent presence in the area. Population studies of root pathogens in infested sites led to discovery of large territorial clones (up to 50–55 m in diameter) of H. annosum s.s. and A. cepistipes. In case of R. undulata, the evidence of strict both dispersive and territorial clonality was revealed for this species, showing a potential airborne dispersal of the fungus over at least 40 km. Finally, the results of this work showed striking differences between the fungal communities present in stems of healthy, declining and dead trees, indicating that fungal species in wood of living trees change along with changes in tree condition

Human rights protection as academic freedom limits.

This Master's thesis examines the concept of academic freedom and its limits in the human rights context in international law, as well as in Lithuanian law. It also reviews the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights and draws conclusions on the limits of academic freedom. The position of the academic community in the legal doctrine on the limits of academic freedom is examined, and a definition of the abuse of this freedom that violates human rights is provided. It provides a comprehensive historical overview of abuses of academic freedom and their consequences in an unequal regulatory environment of academic freedom and human rights protection, examining cases of eugenics, scientific racism and academic indifference in Nazi Germany, and focuses on the first attempts to identify and combat human rights abuses of academic freedom. The contemporary relevance of the topic is explored in later chapters, providing examples of modern anti-Semitism in academia, analysing the case of David Irving and the use of Holocaust denial as an example of the transgression of the limits of academic freedom. At the same time, an example of politically motivated abuse of this freedom is presented by examining Holodomor denial in Russian academia. Reflections are given on the complexity and uniqueness of academic freedom in the application of limits relevant to freedom of expression and how abuses of academic freedom are responded to in both democratic and non-democratic societies. It concludes with arguments and counter-arguments in favour of the limits and enforcement of limits to academic freedom, and offers suggestions on how to reduce cases of abuse of this freedom

Pathological evaluation of declining Fraxinus excelsior stands of northern Lithuania, with particular reference to population of Armillaria cepistipes

publishedVersio

Aukštesnių klasių normalių ir anomalių mokinių dėmesio savybių tyrimas

Concentration, distribution and switching of acoustic, visual and tactile attention in blind, light-sighted, deaf, mentally retarded and normal children (on the average 19 years of age) were studied. It has been found that audio-tactual and audio-visual distribution of attention combine well (the average decrement of performance constitutes 14.5%) in comparison with visual-tactual distribution (the average decrement of performance constitutes 40.2%). According to the index of velocity of attention concentration, the subject groups distributed themselves as follows: blind, normal, light-sighted, deaf and mentally retarded. According to the index of attention switching, the subject groups distributed themselves in the following order: light-sighted, normal, mentally retarded and deaf. According to the index of intermodal distribution of attention, the subject groups distributed themselves in the following way: blind, normal, light-sighted, mentally retarded and deaf.Straipsnyje pristatomas tyrimas, kuriame buvo analizuojami normalių, aklų, prastai matančių, kurčių ir protiškai atsilikusių vaikų (vidutinis amžius – 19 metų) girdimojo, vaizdinio ir taktilinio dėmesio koncentracijos, paskirstymo ir perkėlimo ypatumai. Buvo nustatyta, kad audio-taktilinis ir audio-vizualinis dėmesio paskirstymas dera gerai (vidutinis atlikimo pablogėjimas – 14,5%), tačiau vizio-taktilinis paskirstymas dera blogiau (atlikimas pablogėjo 40,2%). Pagal dėmesio koncentracijos greitį tiriamosios grupės išsidėstė taip: akli, normalūs, prastai matantys, kurti ir protiškai atsilikę. Pagal dėmesio perkėlimą grupės išsidėstė taip: prastai matantys, normalūs protiškai atsilikę ir kurti. Pagal intermodalinį dėmesio paskirstymą grupės išsidėstė taip: akli, normalūs, prastai matantys, protiškai atsilikę, kurti

Public adminstration influence on building trade

international markets, thus the alternation of certain public admi-nistration institutions for successful development of the construction business should be planned. Unplanned alternation of public administration is conditioned by constant and hardly predicted political, economical and social environment. On the other hand, however, purposive alternation of public administration for the construc-tion business should be pursued by certain public administration institutions and organizations, aiming at the effectiveness of the activities carried out by public administrators, efficiency, and non-bureaucratic attitude to-wards the construction business. The importance of the ratio between free market and state regulation of economics for the modern life is very high, which means that the importance of public administration on the construction business is tremendous. Survey analysis is used for clarification and respective evaluation of the opinion of the construction business community with regard to the functioning of public administration in the construction business. Public administration in the construction business is studied by experts of market economics, officers of public institutions and businessmen-builders themselves; the topic, however, hasn't been studied well enough to avoid problems and mistakes when making certain decisions.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama šiuolaikinio viešojo administravimo įtaka mūsų šalies statybos verslo plėtrai, nurodomi esamos viešojo administravimo sistemos trūkumai, turintys įtakos statybos verslui, ir akcentuojama Lietuvos statybos verslo raidos svarba vietinėse rinkose. Kadangi mūsų šalyje statybos verslas, kiek pajėgia, padeda kurti bei plėtoti nacionalinę ekonomiką, straipsnyje siekiama pabrėžti, kad statybos verslo viešojo administravimo sistemos kaita turi vykti planuotai, o viešųjų administratorių vykdoma veikla turi būti efektyvi, dalykiška, nebiurokratiška. Išnagrinėjus statybos verslo padėtį šalies ekonomikoje, anketinės apklausos analizės būdu išsiaiškinama ir įvertinama verslininkų nuomonė dėl statybos verslo viešojo administravimo funkcionavimo. Atlikus anketinės apklausos tyrimo analizę padaroma pagrindinė išvada, kad statybos verslo viešojo administravimo kaita šiuo metu vyksta neplanuotai, neveiksmingai ir nesklandžiai. Teikiamos viešojo administravimo teisinių suvaržymų ir politinės įtakos mažinimo statybos verslui, statybos verslo bendruomenės pasitikėjimo viešais administratoriais didinimo rekomendacijos

COST veikloje „Miškų tvarkymas po gaisrų Pietų Europoje“

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij