Fundamental limits on the electro-optic device figure of merit

Device figures of merit are commonly employed to assess bulk material properties for a particular device class, yet these properties ultimately originate in the linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the material which are not independent of each other. In this work, we calculate the electro-optic device figure of merit based on the half-wave voltage and linear loss, which is important for phase modulators and serves as the simplest example of the approach. This figure of merit is then related back to the microscopic properties in the context of a dye-doped polymer, and its fundamental limits are obtained to provide a target. Surprisingly, the largest figure of merit is not always associated with a large nonlinear-optical response, the quantity that is most often the focus of optimization. An important lesson to materials design is that the figure of merit alone should be optimized. The best device materials can have low nonlinearity provided that the loss is low; or, near resonance high loss may be desirable because it is accompanied by resonantly-enhanced, ultra-large nonlinear response so device lengths are short. Our work shows which frequency range of operation is most promising for optimizing the material figure of merit for electro-optic devices.Comment: Higher resolution figures available in final publicatio

A screening mechanism for extra W and Z gauge bosons

We generalize a previous construction of a fermiophobic model to the case of more than one extra $W$ and $Z$ gauge bosons. We focus in particular on the existence of screening configurations and their implication on the gauge boson mass spectrum. One of these configurations allows for the existence of a set of relatively light new gauge bosons, without violation of the quite restrictive bounds coming from the $\rho_{\rm NC}$ parameter. The links with Bess and degenerate Bess models are also discussed. Also the signal given here by this more traditional gauge extension of the SM could help to disentangle it from the towers of Kaluza-Klein states over $W$ and $Z$ gauge bosons in extra dimensions.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure, extended discussion on precision tests. To appear in International Journal of Modern Physics