Dynamic Voltage Scaling Aware Delay Fault Testing

The application of Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) to reduce energy consumption may have a detrimental impact on the quality of manufacturing tests employed to detect permanent faults. This paper analyses the influence of different voltage/frequency settings on fault detection within a DVS application. In particular, the effect of supply voltage on different types of delay faults is considered. This paper presents a study of these problems with simulation results. We have demonstrated that the test application time increases as we reduce the test voltage. We have also shown that for newer technologies we do not have to go to very low voltage levels for delay fault testing. We conclude that it is necessary to test at more than one operating voltage and that the lowest operating voltage does not necessarily give the best fault cover

Adaption of Wheat Genotypes to Drought Stress

Drought can serve to restrict the growth and development of wheat. The current research was conducted to screen for drought-tolerant wheat genotypes through phenotypic markers, including growth indicators and yield. We used a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replicate sites (about333 m2 area per replicate). Six wheat genotypes which are frequently grown under rain-fed conditions at the southern highland of West-Bank, Palestine were evaluated for specific phenotypes including stem length, spike with awns length, awns length, number of tillers, total grain, total hay, and mass of seeds (per 100). The results showed significant variations among the six wheat genotypes for most of the measured parameters. Yellow-Hetia genotype showed the highest stem length, spike with awns length, awns length, weight of 100 seeds, and yield (grain plus hay). However, the remaining genotypes presented almost similar production ranging from 475-488 kg/dunum. In contrary, Nab-El-Jamal genotype exhibited the lowest grain production and Um-El-Rabee' genotype revealed the minimum hay production. Based on our data, Yellow-Hetia could be a promising cultivar for future breeding programs, especially those involving drought tolerance

Economic Determinants of Capital Flight in Jordan: An Empirical Study

The aim of this study is to estimate the constraints of Capital Flight during the period from 2000 to 2013. The statistical analysis showed a positive statistical significant relationship between the external public debt, taxes, economic openness, previous capital flight, and Capital flight in Jordan. However, it also showed a negative statistical significant relationship between the growth rate of the economy and capital flight. This was together with the most important recommendations of the need to monitor the flight of capital through creating a Department in the central bank to control money flight. Therefore, this was aimed in reducing the external public debts that increase the phenomenon of Capital flight and cooperate with international institutions and the United Nations to locate the place of money flight

Una mirada por el panorama digital: factores que dan forma a la dinámica empresarial en Arabia Saudita

Este artículo proporciona un análisis exhaustivo de los factores que impactan las intenciones, los comportamientos, las innovaciones y el sentido de autoeficacia empresarial en el ecosistema empresarial digital en el Reino de Arabia Saudita. Al ilustrar los roles del ecosistema, la intención empresarial, la innovación y la educación, el estudio aspira proporcionar información sobre las dinámicas distintivas del emprendimiento digital en este entorno geográfico. El estudio utiliza tanto entrevistas cualitativas con expertos en la materia como análisis estadístico cuantitativo de las respuestas de la encuesta. El ecosistema empresarial digital saudita se explora cualitativamente a través de 15 entrevistas con expertos de la industria y cuantitativamente con 248 respuestas a encuestas que permiten probar hipótesis utilizando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los datos cuantitativos de este estudio se analizaron mediante PLS-SEM. Los resultados enfatizan los roles mediadores de la ambición empresarial y la innovación, destacando la importancia clave del ecosistema empresarial digital para impulsar el comportamiento empresarial. La educación empresarial surge como un elemento poderoso que actúa como moderador en la configuración del éxito empresarial. La investigación proporciona información útil sobre las características únicas del emprendimiento digital en Arabia Saudita.//This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors impacting entrepreneurial intentions, behaviors, innovations, and the sense of self-efficacy in the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. By illuminating the roles of the ecosystem, entrepreneurial intention, innovation, and education, the study aspires to provide insights into distinctive dynamics of digital entrepreneurship in this geographical setting. The study employs both qualitative in-depth interviews with subject matter experts and quantitative statistical analysis of survey responses. The Saudi digital entrepreneurial ecosystem is explored qualitatively through 15 in-depth interviews with industry experts and quantitatively with 248 survey responses that allow for hypothesis testing using structural equation modeling. The quantitative data in this study were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results emphasize the mediating roles of entrepreneurial ambition and innovation, highlighting the key significance of the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem in driving entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurial education is emerging as a powerful element, acting as a moderator in shaping entrepreneurial success. The research provides useful information about the unique characteristics of digital entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia

Nucleation and condensational growth to CCN sizes during a sustained pristine biogenic SOA event in a forested mountain valley

The Whistler Aerosol and Cloud Study (WACS 2010), included intensive measurements of trace gases and particles at two sites on Whistler Mountain. Between 6–11 July 2010 there was a sustained high-pressure system over the region with cloud-free conditions and the highest temperatures of the study. During this period, the organic aerosol concentrations rose from <1 μg m<sup>−3</sup> to ∼6 μg m<sup>−3</sup>. Precursor gas and aerosol composition measurements show that these organics were almost entirely of secondary biogenic nature. Throughout 6–11 July, the anthropogenic influence was minimal with sulfate concentrations <0.2 μg m<sup>−3</sup> and SO<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios ≈ 0.05–0.1 ppbv. Thus, this case provides excellent conditions to probe the role of biogenic secondary organic aerosol in aerosol microphysics. Although SO<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios were relatively low, box-model simulations show that nucleation and growth may be modeled accurately if <i>J</i><sub>nuc</sub> = 3 × 10<sup>−7</sup>[H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>] and the organics are treated as effectively non-volatile. Due to the low condensation sink and the fast condensation rate of organics, the nucleated particles grew rapidly (2–5 nm h<sup>−1</sup>) with a 10–25% probability of growing to CCN sizes (100 nm) in the first two days as opposed to being scavenged by coagulation with larger particles. The nucleated particles were observed to grow to ∼200 nm after three days. Comparisons of size-distribution with CCN data show that particle hygroscopicity (κ) was ∼0.1 for particles larger 150 nm, but for smaller particles near 100 nm the κ value decreased near midway through the period from 0.17 to less than 0.06. In this environment of little anthropogenic influence and low SO<sub>2</sub>, the rapid growth rates of the regionally nucleated particles – due to condensation of biogenic SOA – results in an unusually high efficiency of conversion of the nucleated particles to CCN. Consequently, despite the low SO<sub>2</sub>, nucleation/growth appear to be the dominant source of particle number

Impact of psychological capital on mental health, readiness for organizational change, and job insecurity: hotel employees’ perspective in COVID-19

PurposeThe construct of psychological capital or PsyCap (consisting of the positive psychological resources of hope, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience) has been demonstrated to relate to employees’ attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of positive psychological capital on mental health, readiness for organizational change, and job insecurity in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 567 hotel employees working in hotels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A quantitative approach was used and employees were requested to fill the questionnaires.FindingsResults show that psychological capital enhances an employee’s mental health and readiness for the organizational change. Moreover, PsyCap is found to negatively impact the perceptions of job insecurity among hotel employees. The study has useful managerial implications for hoteliers, especially, in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueThis is the first study of its kind to link hotel employees’ positive psychological capital with their perceptions about job insecurity and mental health. COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world fiercely and new normal expects employees to be ready to embrace changes in organizations. This study contributes to the literature on hospitality management by linking psychological capital with hotel employees’ readiness for organizational change in the context of Coronavirus

A Study on the Nature of Writing Apprehension among Saudi Undergraduate EFL Students

Writing apprehension is an overwhelming feeling of stress and anxiety when writing in a foreign language. In the past ten years, it has been a hot topic of debate. Due to its influence on writing quality, this study aimed to investigate this topic among a group of university EFL students, measuring the level of this apprehension and identifying its main factors. To accomplish this objective, 137 Saudi EFL students were given a questionnaire containing 26 statements spanning four essential writing apprehension factors on a five-point Likert scale. The results indicated that Saudi EFL students generally received moderate writing apprehension. Negativity towards writing was the furthermost common factor of writing apprehension. Self-efficacy in writing was regarded as the least apprehensive factor compared to other writing apprehension factors. The potential causes of this apprehension in each factor were addressed. Statistically significant gender and university level differences were found favouring males and beginner university levels for negativity towards writing. Based on these findings, limitations and future study recommendations are suggested

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THERMAL BIOCLIMATIC INDICES OVER IRAQ

This study was aimed to investigate the trends in (11) thermal bioclimatic indicators throughout Iraq's various climates to better understand their spatiotemporal variations in different climates. All bioclimatic indicators have been calculated from daily ERA5 datasets of temperature extracted from 361 grid points covering Iraq. This data set covers global coverage of monthly temperatures from 1980 to 2022, with a spatial resolution of (0.25°x0.25°). Eleven thermal bioclimatic indicators were subjected to the Mann-Kendall (MK) test in order to measure trends in a single direction, without taking into account the influence of natural cycles. The findings showed that the majority of Iraq's thermal bioclimate indicators had changed. implying that rising temperatures have had a significant influence on the country's bioclimate. The annual mean temperature data revealed that Iraq had a considerable increase in Bio1 of (0.28 to 0.48) °C/decade, which is more than the )0.15( °C/decade worldwide average. The rise was found to be significantly greater in Iraq's northern and eastern regions. The analysis suggested that the diurnal temperature range decreased in most regions of Iraq, especially in the southern and northeastern sections. The maximum temperature increased most dramatically in the warmest quarter, whereas the changes in the coldest quarter were less noticeable, showing an increase in climatic extremes in Iraq. The study unequivocally shows that climate change is leading to an increase in the mean temperature, specifically during the warmest months of the year