Aerial mapping using high resolution digital camera and unmanned aerial vehicle for geographical information system

In aerial photogrammetry, aerial photographs are acquired using aerial camera and light aircraft as a platform. The aerial photographs are usually processed for mapping such as for production of topographic map and other special purpose map known as thematic map. However, this method is expensive and suitable for large area but it is not practical for mapping small area. This study concentrates on the use of high resolution digital camera and a very light platform known as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as data acquisition system in capturing digital aerial photographs. The acquired digital aerial photographs were processed using image processing software to produce digital map and digital orthophoto. The results showed that an accuracy of sub-meter can be obtained using the employed method. In Geographical Information System (GIS), it is quite common that topographic map and orthophoto are used as a base map. Hence, the findings from this study could also be used as an input for GIS. Not to forget, the photogrammetric technique could be used not only for mapping but it could also be used for any environmental protection and conservation

Calibration and accuracy assessment of Leica ScanStation C10 terrestrial laser scanner

Requirement of high accuracy data in surveying applications has made calibration procedure a standard routine for all surveying instruments. This is due to the assumption that all observed data are impaired with errors. Thus, this routine is also applicable to terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to make it available for surveying purposes. There are two calibration approaches: (1) component, and (2) system calibration. With the intention to specifically identify the errors and accuracy of the Leica ScanStation C10 scanner, this study investigates component calibration. Three components of calibration were performed to identify the constant, scale error, accuracy of angular measurement and the effect of angular resolution for distance measurement. The first calibration has been processed using closed least square solutions and has yielded the values of constant (1.2 mm) and scale error (1.000008879). Using variance ratio test (F-Test), angles observation (horizontal and vertical) for Leica C10 scanner and Leica TM5100A theodolite have shown significance difference. This is because the accuracy of both sensors are not similar and these differences are 0.01 and 0.0075º for horizontal and vertical measurements, respectively. Investigation on the resolution setting for Leica C10 scanner has highlighted the drawback of the tilt-and-turn target. Using the highest resolution, Leica Cyclone software only able to recognize the tilt-and-turn target up to 10 m distance compare to 200 m for the black and white target

Multimedia Environmental Fate and Transport Model of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): Case Study Sayong River Watershed, Johor, Malaysia

This study describes the development of a multimedia environmental fate and transport model of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) at Sungai Sayong watershed. Based on the latest estimated DDT emission, the DDT concentrations in air, soil, water and sediment as well as the transfer processes were simulated under the equilibrium and steady-state assumption. Model predictions suggested that soil and sediment was the dominant sink of DDT. The results showed that the model predicted was generally good agreement with field data. Compared with degradation reaction, advection outflow was more important processes occurred in the model. Sensitivities of the model estimates to input parameters were tested. The result showed that vapour pressure (Ps) and organic carbon water partition coefficient (KOC) were the most influential parameters for the model output. The model output-concentrations of DDT in multimedia environment is very important as it can be used in future for human exposure and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) at Sungai Sayong Basin

Brain Acceleration During Ball-To-Head Impact in Soccer

There has been a long debate whether purposeful heading could cause harm to the brain. Studies have shown that repetitive heading occasion could lead to degeneration of brain cells, which is similarly found in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. A two-degree of freedom linear mathematical model was developed to study the impact of soccer ball to the brain during ball-to-head impact in soccer. From the model, the acceleration of the brain upon impact can be obtained. The model is a mass-spring-damper system, in which the skull is modelled as a mass and the neck is modelled as a spring-damper system. The brain is a mass with suspension characteristics that are also defined by a spring and a damper. The model was validated by experiment, in which a ball was dropped from different heights onto an instrumented dummy skull. The validation shows that the results obtained from the model are in a good agreement with the brain acceleration measured from the experiment. This findings show that a simple linear mathematical model can be useful in giving a preliminary insight on what human brain endures during a ball-to-head impact

Aerobic granulation for real domestic sewage treatment at hot and low humidity climate condition

With inoculum sludge from a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, a sequencing batch reactor fed with real domestic wastewater was operated at 50 ± 1 °C to study the formation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for simultaneous organics and nutrients removal with a complete cycle time of 3 h. The AGS were successfully cultivated with excellent settling ability and demonstrated exceptional performance in the organics and nutrients removal with influent loading rate of 1.2 kg COD m-3 d-1. Stable, regular, dense and fast settling granule (average diameter, 2.0 mm and sludge volume index, 73.501 mL g-1) were developed in a single reactor. In addition, 89 % COD removal efficiency was observed in the system at the maturation stage of the granulation, while its ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies were up to 99 %. The study demonstrated the capabilities of AGS formation in a single, high and slender column type-bioreactor at high temperature which is suitable to be applied for hot climate and low humidity condition (e.g. Saudi Arabia)

Mixed convection of the stagnation-point flow towards a stretching vertical permeable sheet

An analysis was done for the steady two-dimensional stagnation-point mixed convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid towards a stretching vertical permeable sheet in its own plane. The stretching velocity and the surface temperature are assumed to vary linearly with the distance from the stagnation-point. Two equal and opposite forces are impulsively applied along the x-axis so that the wall is stretched, keeping the origin fixed in a viscous fluid of constant ambient temperature. The transformed boundary layer equations were solved numerically for some values of the parameters considered using an implicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Flow and heat transfer characteristics were analyzed and discussed. Both cases of the assisting and opposing flows were considered and it was found that dual solutions exist for the opposing flow, whereas a unique solution resulted for the assisting flow

The Development of E-governance-based Quality in the Universities

Universities hold a strategic role in society as the teaching university, the research university, and the bastion of civilization. In this decade, the challenges of the universities become more complex where a paradigm shift in the universities occur such as: (1) the shifting of the role of the universities due to the influence of the globalization; (2) the scarcity of resources in response to changes with the proper way; (3) the development of the science and technology which accelerates rapidly; and (4) the development of the rapid entrepreneurial culture. Some important and fundamental issues facing the universities college in Indonesia today is that the existence of the universities college in Indonesia still faces a number of obstacles in the policy, the implementation, the monitoring, and the evaluation. Moreover, the issue of quality and the relevance of outputs of the universities have not contributed optimally in the world of industry and society. The universities have not optimally been able to become the important sectorwhich can produce a significant number of entrepreneurs with the orientation of job creation and self-reliance. Based on the background of this grant research above, it can be concluded that the strategy of private universities towards the world class or high quality is studied. The method used was a qualitative research consisting of studying literature, conducting interviews, and distributing questionnaires to the informants in the universities in four provinces or cities in the area of The coordinator of The Private UniversitiesII of the southern sumatra and the analysis models. The following method used a quantitative method to measure the parameters of the performance of the universities and entrepreneurial growths of the universities. According to the results of the research in the first, second, and third year, a model to improve the e-governance-based quality to the universities through the research focus, the entrepreneurship, and the development of the resources was developed in the area of The coordinator of The Private Universities II of the southern sumatra. The final result of the improvement of e-governance-based quality in the universities in southern sumatra was the manifestation of the policy of the ministry of the higher education and research in implementing the management of the world-class universities, the scientific publications, and the reference textbooks

Implementasi Penajaman Peran Dan Fungsi Lembaga Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Melalui Pemetaan Pemberdayaan Model Syaraf Khan

Research paradigm does not only look on the role and function LP2M in contribution to answer various problems of education in public and to recommend solution for decision maker in Kemendikbud. The strategic goal of PTS Darmajaya in 5 years (2012-2017) as analyzer unit in this research, are governance management that effective, efficient, transparent, accountable, and continue, and also management of education infrastructure. In order to reach those goals, LP2M arranges road map and master plan with various programs of research and community service for science development. LP2M serves to improve the quality of information services for students and faculty, and also in the search for alternative income by taking the advantage of the facilities and human resources in IBI Darmajaya. By support of human resources with a variety of different qualifications and skills, LP2M IBI Darmajaya take major task to synergize all of the powers into an integrated force and work as its functions

Kesan potasy, kalsium dan magnesium ke atas hasil bijian, kandungan protin dan minyak kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Penambahan unsur-usnur potasy, kalsium dan magnesium tidak memberi kesan yang bererti keatas hasil bijian, kandungan protin dan minyak kacang tanah