Conocimiento de los odontólogos generales de la ciudad de Mérida sobre el diagnóstico de pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares

https://doi.org/10.53766/ROLA/2022.17.01.04 Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are a set of diseases that affect the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint and adjacent structures. To obtain a diagnosis, one must have adequate knowledge about its different causes and how to treat it correctly, addressing the etiology, predisposing, triggering and perpetuating factors. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of the general dentists of the city of Mérida, in the diagnosis of patients withTemporomandibular Disorders. For this reason, a study was carried out with a quantitative, descriptive approach and a non-experimental-cross-sectional design, the sample was made up of 55 general dentists of the Libertador municipality of the city of Mérida-Venezuela, the survey was applied through a questionnaire. It was found that all the respondents know temporomandibular disorders; 5.45% do not know the etiological factors of TMD. 87.27% consider that emotional states are triggering factors of temporomandibular disorders; 66% perform a clinical examination only in those patients who reported any sign or symptom and 69.09% stated that they requested imaging studies for these studies in the event of a TMD. It was concluded that 67% of the interviewees evaluate only those patients who reported some sign or symptom, indicating that during the clinical examination the professional does not perform a usual evaluation of TMJ.https://doi.org/10.53766/ROLA/2022.17.01.04 Los Trastornos Temporomandibulares (TTM) son un conjunto de enfermedades que afectan los músculos masticatorios, articulación temporomandibular (ATM) y sus estructuras adyacentes. Para obtener un diagnóstico se debe tener adecuado conocimiento acerca de sus diferentes causas y cómo tratarlo de manera acertada, abordando la etiología, los factores predisponentes, desencadenantes y perpetuantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los odontólogos generales de la ciudad de Mérida, en el diagnóstico de pacientes con TTM. Se realizó un estudio con enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y diseño no experimental–transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 55 odontólogos generalesdel municipio Libertador de la ciudad de Mérida-Venezuela, se aplicó la encuesta por medio de un cuestionario. Se encontró que la totalidad de los encuestados conocen los trastornos temporomandibulares; 5,45% no conocen los factores etiológicos de los TTM. 87,27% consideran que los estados emocionales son factores desencadenantes de los trastornos temporomandibulares; 66% realizan examen clínico solo en aquellos pacientes que refirieron algún signo o síntoma y 69,09% manifestó solicitar estudios imagenológicos dichos estudios en caso de un TTM. Se concluyó que 67% de los entrevistados evalúan solo aquellos pacientes que refirieron algún signo o síntoma, indicando que durante el examen clínico el profesional no realiza una evaluación habitual de ATM. RECIBIDO: 21/01/2022ACEPTADO: 16/03/202

Performance of Exporters: Scale Effects or Continuous Productivity Improvements

Following along the lines of a growing literature on the causal link between exporting and productivity this paper analyzes the existence of 'learning-by-exporting'in Slovenian manufacturing between 1994 and 2002. This paper asks whether in addition to good firms self-selecting into exports and multinational production exporting (multinational production) further improves their perfirmance compared with non-exporters. I develop a simple model of trade and international production with heterogeneous firms that generates learning effects through competition in the export markets. The estimations perfirmed on the Slovenian sample indicate that more productive firms tend to self-select into more competitive markets, while there is no conclusive evidence of learning-by-exporting. Namely, although new exporters experienced a surge in productivity in the initial year of exports the effect dissipates in the following years. This leads me to conclude that the perceived learning effects are in fact only a consequence of more efficient utilization of available production capacity brought forth by the opening of an additional market

Risk assessment of unlined oil pits leaking into groundwater in the Ecuadorian Amazon: A modified GIS-DRASTIC approach

This study evaluates the risk of groundwater contamination from unlined oil pits, in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon (NEA). Applying spatial analysis, several maps were provided for its integration in land use planning, public health improvement and future site-specific investigations. Two main maps were produced: (1) a vulnerability indexed map using a modified DRASTIC model and (2) a hazard map based on the past (1995–1997) and present (2018) contamination using a weighted density equation. The hazard was derived from hydrocarbon contained in oil pits associated with a cost-distance analysis to obtain different maximum distance ranges (MDR), to model the surface of potentially impacted groundwater. The results indicate a total calculated hydrocarbons of 39 052 tons. A MDR from 500–10 000 km was retained to map aquifers at risk, the maximum surface potentially at risk covers 13% of the NEA, while 83% of the area represents low to medium-low vulnerability. This study led to several recommendations, such as the level of suitability of the available information, and what gaps should be filled to improve future research. A surface of 271–766.5 km in the 500-2000-m distance range should be prioritised for finer scale risk assessment