Evaluation of sampling gear for demersal resource surveys

The three demersal trawls evaluated were 38 m HSDT-II, indigenously developed by CIFT for deep sea fishing in Indian EEZ; and two imported designs, viz., 45.6 m Expo model demersal trawl and 50 m fish trawl operated from vessels of FSI and IFP, respectively. Vertical opening at trawl mouth was heighest for 50 m fish trawl (3.2 m), followed by Expo model demersal trawl (2.5 m) and 38 m HSDT-II (2.2 m), due to differences in overall dimensions and design features. Estimate of horizontal opening between otter boards was highest for 38 m HSDT-II probably due to low drag of the gear, followed by 45.6 m and 50 m trawls. Lowest catch per unit effort obtained by 38 m HSDT-II is presumably due to smaller dimensions of the gear, larger codend mesh size and difference in ground rig, in addition to chance factors. However, 38 m HSDT-II scores on several features desirable in demersal sampling gear such as simplicity in design and construction, ease of operation; lower twine surface area and drag; and ground rig suitable for wider range of bottom conditions. Modifications to make it more effective while sampling for crustaceans and small sized finfish components are described

Ultrasonic intensification as a tool for enhanced microbial biofuel yields

peer-reviewedUltrasonication has recently received attention as a novel bioprocessing tool for process intensification in many areas of downstream processing. Ultrasonic intensification (periodic ultrasonic treatment during the fermentation process) can result in a more effective homogenization of biomass and faster energy and mass transfer to biomass over short time periods which can result in enhanced microbial growth. Ultrasonic intensification can allow the rapid selective extraction of specific biomass components and can enhance product yields which can be of economic benefit. This review focuses on the role of ultrasonication in the extraction and yield enhancement of compounds from various microbial sources, specifically algal and cyanobacterial biomass with a focus on the production of biofuels. The operating principles associated with the process of ultrasonication and the influence of various operating conditions including ultrasonic frequency, power intensity, ultrasonic duration, reactor designs and kinetics applied for ultrasonic intensification are also described

Effect of Castor oil as Biolubricant on Tribological Characteristics of EN31 Steel Experimentation and Validation

The main aim of this study to investigate the effect of castor oil blended with lube oil (SAE20W40), on Tribological characteristics of bearing material (EN31), using Ball on Disk Tribotester. The disc test material was EN31 Steel, 165 mm diameter and Test ball material was EN31 Steel, 10 mm Diameter. The test was performed at temperature of 45oC with different loads and different rotating speeds(Test duration of 3600 sec.).The test was conducted in wet conditions using the ASTM G99 Wear and Friction test procedure. Experiments were conducted based on the plan of experiments generated through Taguchi's technique. A L16 Orthogonal array was selected for analysis of data. The petroleum based lubricant used for this experiment was SAE 20W40 and contaminated with a various blends like 0% 10%, 20%, 30% of castor oil. The lubricant is characterized by viscosity using viscometer. From the experimental result, it is found that the wear is increased with increase in loads, increased in speed and sliding distance. The overall result of this experiment reveals that the wear for various blending percentage were different, moreover the wear for 10% castor oil blending were almost identical with base lubricant. This blend can be used as lubricant for piston pump application, which is environmental friendly in nature and would help to reduce use of petroleum based lubricants substantially.</jats:p

IoT Based Smart Home and Plant Watering System

The aim of this paper is to develop home automation system based on IOT using Wi-Fi based microcontroller. As scope of technology is widening every day, we are making our tech advance in mobile, robotics, Machine Learning, then why an exception for our home. Today houses are gradually transferring from ordinary/human’s input-based appliances to smart/IOT enabled appliances to be controlled remotely. At Present, existing home automation systems use technology that is limited to only that device. So, in a nutshell, we are making our devices IOT enabled not our homes.</jats:p

Nanotechnology and Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology

Solid colloidal particles of size from 10 to 1000 Nanometre are known as Nanoparticles. Nanoparticles contribute many benefits to bigger particles such as enhanced surface-to-volume ratio and enhanced magnetic properties. Over the last few years, there has been an undeviating growing interest in using nanoparticles in different biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, photo ablation therapy, bio imaging, and biosensors. Iron oxide nanoparticles have dominated applications, such as drug delivery, hyperthermia, bio imaging, cell labelling, and gene delivery, because of their superior properties such as chemical stability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, high saturation magnetization, and high magnetic susceptibility. In this paper, biomedical applications of two different types of nanoparticles metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes are discussed.</jats:p

Analysis of Factor’s Causing Delays in Road Project by Severity Index Method

The construction sector is one of the important sources of growth and development of the national economy. However, entirely projects background delays in construction work and therefore raise its time and money. Problem in structure/construction work is studied one of the important obstacles in the work and it has a very large issue in terms of time, money, and quality. This survey is done to find the time achievement of the road development project to identify the causes of delays and related factors according to the contractor with the help of the Questionnaire Survey which was taken with the help of Google Forms. As per the research, there are a total of 32 factors affecting the delay/ failure of the road. As per the survey accidents during construction, an increase in material price, change in cost, and delay in time are the top factors which mostly affect the road failure. These factors were analyzed with the help of the Severity Index Method and mathematically with the help of Excel and Google Forms and then the result was calculated.</jats:p