Oral Cavity Microbiome Impact on Respiratory Infections Among Children

Alexandra Mihaela Crestez,1,2 Aurel Nechita,1,2 Miruna Patricia Daineanu,1,2 Camelia Busila,1,2 Alin Laurentiu Tatu,2– 4,* Marius Anton Ionescu,5 Jose Dario Martinez,6,* Mihaela Debita7,8 1Pediatric Department, “Sf. Ioan” Emergency Clinical Pediatric Hospital, Galați, 800494, România; 2Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800201, România; 3Dermatology Department, “Sfanta Cuvioasa Parascheva” Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galați, 800179, România; 4Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800201, România; 5Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Saint Louis, Paris, 75475, France; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Autonomous of Nuevo León, Monterrey, 66455, Mexico; 7Department of Infectious Disease, “Sfanta Cuvioasa Parascheva” Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galați, 800179, România; 8Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800201, România*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Camelia Busila; Miruna Patricia Daineanu, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: The respiratory system, traditionally considered antiseptic, harbors a diverse and dynamic bacterial microbiome. Recent advancements in microbiome research have revealed its significant influence on both innate and adaptive immunity, particularly in the context of respiratory infections in children. This article also provides an overview of the types of bacteria that commonly affect the respiratory system, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. These bacteria are prevalent in pediatric populations and significantly contribute to the development and severity of respiratory tract infections (RTIs).Purpose: This review aims to evaluate the impact of the oral cavity and upper respiratory microbiome on the susceptibility and severity of respiratory infections in pediatric populations. We specifically focus on how early colonization patterns of bacteria such as Moraxella and Streptococcus contribute to the development of respiratory tract infections in children from birth through adolescence.Methods: A thorough literature review was performed, focusing on studies publishing between 2004 and 2023. The review included research exploring the role of the upper respiratory microbiome in pediatric populations, with a specific focus on children aged birth to 18 years. Emphasis was placed on microbial characterization, the modulation of immune responses in respiratory tract infections, and the potential therapeutic applications of microbiome-targeted interventions.Results: The findings suggest that the composition and disruption of the upper respiratory microbiome significantly influence clinical outcomes in children with respiratory infections. Notably, dysbiosis in the microbiome has been linked to increased susceptibility to repeated infections, highlighting the importance of maintaining microbial balance for optimal respiratory health.Conclusion: Understanding the impact of oral cavity and upper respiratory microbiome could lead to improved management and prevention strategies for respiratory infections in children. This review underscores the potential of microbiome modulation, including the use of probiotics as a therapeutic approach to enhance clinical outcomes in pediatric respiratory infections.Keywords: microbiome, children, immunity, respiratory infection

Zmiany funkcjonalne i metaboliczne u ludzi we włośnicy

By means of a complex biochemical and functional investigation of 26 trichinellosis patients in the acute stage, totalling 264 tests, the authors point out: the increase of serum pyruvate, a tendence towards hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia with lowered albumins, increased γ-globulins and (less frequently) α₂-globulins; increase of urinary creatinine, increased glutamatepyruvate transaminase activity in the serum, diminished amount of 17-ketosteroids in the urine with positive Robinson test, a tendence towards increased serum phosphate and decreased serum potassium. The recorded data are interpreted as a result of a more intense catabolism of glucose and proteins, as produced by the dystrophic parasitary myositis and of the reversible hyposecretion of corticosuprarenal glands.Na podstawie kompleksowych badań biochemicznych i funkcjonalnych (264 próby) wykonanych u 26 pacjentów w ostrym stadium włośnicy autorzy stwierdzają: wzrost aktywności pirogronianu w surowicy, tendencję w kierunku hypoglikemii, hypoproteinemię z obniżoną ilością albumin, wzrost γ-globulin i (rzadziej) α₂-globulin, zwiększenie poziomu kreatyniny w moczu, wzrost aktywności transaminazy glutaminowa-pirogronianu w surowicy, obniżoną ilość 17-ketosteroidów w moczu z dodatnią próbą Robinsona, tendencją wzrostu fosforanów w surowicy i obniżenie potasu. Zmiany te są następstwem wzmożonego katabolizmu glukozy i białek, wywołanego dystroficznym pasożytniczym zapaleniem mięśni i odwrotną hyposckrecją gruczołów kory nadnercza

Zmiany funkcjonalne i metaboliczne u ludzi we włośnicy

By means of a complex biochemical and functional investigation of 26 trichinellosis patients in the acute stage, totalling 264 tests, the authors point out: the increase of serum pyruvate, a tendence towards hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia with lowered albumins, increased γ-globulins and (less frequently) α₂-globulins; increase of urinary creatinine, increased glutamatepyruvate transaminase activity in the serum, diminished amount of 17-ketosteroids in the urine with positive Robinson test, a tendence towards increased serum phosphate and decreased serum potassium. The recorded data are interpreted as a result of a more intense catabolism of glucose and proteins, as produced by the dystrophic parasitary myositis and of the reversible hyposecretion of corticosuprarenal glands.Na podstawie kompleksowych badań biochemicznych i funkcjonalnych (264 próby) wykonanych u 26 pacjentów w ostrym stadium włośnicy autorzy stwierdzają: wzrost aktywności pirogronianu w surowicy, tendencję w kierunku hypoglikemii, hypoproteinemię z obniżoną ilością albumin, wzrost γ-globulin i (rzadziej) α₂-globulin, zwiększenie poziomu kreatyniny w moczu, wzrost aktywności transaminazy glutaminowa-pirogronianu w surowicy, obniżoną ilość 17-ketosteroidów w moczu z dodatnią próbą Robinsona, tendencją wzrostu fosforanów w surowicy i obniżenie potasu. Zmiany te są następstwem wzmożonego katabolizmu glukozy i białek, wywołanego dystroficznym pasożytniczym zapaleniem mięśni i odwrotną hyposckrecją gruczołów kory nadnercza

New antibacterial silver(I) coordination polymers based on a flexible ditopic pyrazolyl-type ligand

In the last two decades, a tremendous amount of attention has been directed towards the design of antibacterial silver(I)-based materials, including coordination polymers (CPs) built up with a great variety of oxygen and nitrogen-containing ligands. Herein, a family of six new silver(I)-based CPs, having the general stoechiometric formula [Ag(H2DMPMB)(X)] (X = NO3, 1; CF3CO2, 2; CF3SO3, 3; BF4, 4; ClO4, 5; and PF6, 6) and incorporating the flexible ditopic pyrazolyl-type ligand 4,40-bis((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)biphenyl (H2DMPMB), has been prepared by the chemical precipitation method involving the reaction of silver(I) salts with H2DMPMB in the 1:1 molar ratio, in alcohols, or acetonitrile at room temperature for two-hours. The new silver(I)-based polymeric materials were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), allowing for the proposition that their structures comprise one-dimensional chains, with the silver(I) ions mostly assuming a T-shapped stereochemistry completed by the exo-bidentate ligands and counter-anions. The obtained silver(I) CPs showed a remarkable light insensitivity and stability in the air, are insoluble in water and in most common organic solvents, and possess appreciable thermal stabilities spanning the range 250-350 °C. The antibacterial activity of the obtained silver(I) CPs was tested against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using the Tetrazolium/Formazan test (TTC), by measuring the bacterial viability at different time intervals. The complete reduction of both bacterial strains occurred after 24 h of exposure to all silver(I) CPs, the bacterial viability values for S. aureus reaching 8% for compounds 3, 5, and 6 after only two-hours

The Association of Telangiectasias with Other Peripheral Vascular Lesions of Systemic Sclerosis

Carmen Bobeica,1,* Elena Niculet,2,3,* Carmina Liana Musat,2,* Lina Iancu,4 Mihaela Craescu,2,3 Andreea Mioara Luca,5 Bogdan Ioan Stefanescu,6 Emma Gheorghe,7 Mihaela Debita,8 Claudiu-Ionut Vasile,8 Gabriela Balan,8– 10 Camelia Busila,8 Alin Laurentiu Tatu3,8,11 1Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800008, Romania; 2Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800008, Romania; 3Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, Romania; 4Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800008, Romania; 5Department of Plastic Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Galați, 800487, Romania; 6Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, Romania; 7Department No. 1 (Preclinical), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University, Constanța, 900527, Romania; 8Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800008, Romania; 9Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Galaţi, 800578, Romania; 10Research Center in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, 800008, Romania; 11Dermatology Department, “Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galați, 800179, Romania*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Elena Niculet; Carmina Liana Musat, Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, 35 Alexandru Ioan Cuza Street, Galați, 800216, Romania, Tel +40741398895 ; +40723338438, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a relatively rare collagenosis manifested as microvasculopathy, excessive cutaneous and visceral fibrosis in a background of autoimmune alteration. Autoimmune vasculopathy in SSc occurs early and begins with endothelial cell activation followed by blood vessel intimal proliferation in a context of defective angiogenesis. The alteration of peripheral micro and macrocirculation in SSc is evident through vascular lesions, such as Raynaud’s phenomenon, telangiectasias, acrocyanosis, digital ulcers, gangrene, peripheral pulse deficiency. Our paper details the results of the study on the association between telangiectasias and other types of immune-mediated peripheral vascular lesions that can be identified in SSc. The presence of these peripheral vascular lesions can provide information about the magnitude of the peripheral vasculopathy.Patients and Methods: A total of 37 patients diagnosed with SSc, recruited from a university clinic in Bucharest between February 2019 and March 2020, were enrolled in an observational study. We evaluated the presence of telangiectasias, as a stigma of autoimmune microvasculopathy, and their association with other immune-mediated peripheral vascular lesions that may be present in SSc.Results: The presence of telangiectasias was identified in the absence, but especially in the presence of acrocyanosis and digital ulcerations, and patients with peripheral pulse deficiency almost always had telangiectasias. Less than a quarter of the patients with digital ulcers progressed unfavorably to gangrene, and only one required amputation, telangiectasias being present not only in the patient with amputation but in all patients with gangrene.Conclusion: We appreciate that telangiectasias may be the clinical expression of peripheral vasculopathy characteristic of SSc, they can often be present in association with other peripheral vascular lesions and may represent a valuable indicator for the gangrene risk of digital ulcerations in SSc.Keywords: systemic sclerosis, vascular lesions, phenomenon Raynaud’s, telangiectasias, acrocianosis, digital ulcer

Grown of highly porous ZnO-nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique for sensing applications

Pulsed laser ablation technique in deionized water with low laser fluency has been explored to prepare uniform dispersed porous ZnO nanoparticles for sensing applications. Surface morphology, particle size, porous structure, roughness, elemental distribution, and chemical bonding of the synthesized ZnO are analyzed by TEM, FESEM, AFM, EDX, and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. Sensing behavior is observed by UV–Vis absorption measurements. TEM and FESEM analysis show that the prepared ZnO-coated film has homogeneous, dispersed, highly porous, and crack-free surface; the average particle size are observed ~ 24.72 ± 2.97 nm. The porous structure is responsible for appropriate sensing behavior. Low roughness value ~ 1.52 nm which is analyzed by AFM is advantageous for sensing behavior. EDX spectrum and elements mapping clearly show the uniform Zn and O distribution. XRD analysis confirms the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. FTIR reveals the Zn and O chemical bonding successfully. UV-Visible analysis exhibits that the prepared ZnO matrix has good incorporation with multi-dyes solutions at pH values 10–12 with significant changes in color behavior. The highest pKa value ~ 9.77 at a wavelength of 598.28 nm was calculated for multi-dyes immobilized ZnO matrix. So, it can be concluded that prepared ZnO nanostructures are potential candidates for sensing application

Hierarchical Porous Chitosan Sponges as Robust and Recyclable Adsorbents for Anionic Dye Adsorption

Abstract Biomass waste treatment and detrimental dye adsorption are two of the crucial environmental issues nowadays. In this study, we investigate to simultaneously resolve the aforementioned issues by synthesizing chitosan sponges as adsorbents toward rose bengal (RB) dye adsorption. Through a temperature-controlled freeze-casting process, robust and recyclable chitosan sponges are fabricated with hierarchical porosities resulted from the control of concentrations of chitosan solutions. Tested as the adsorbents for RB, to the best of our knowledge, the as-prepared chitosan sponge in this work reports the highest adsorption capacity of RB (601.5 mg/g) ever. The adsorption mechanism, isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics are comprehensively studied by employing statistical analysis. Importantly and desirably, the sponge type of chitosan adsorbents exceedingly facilitates the retrieving and elution of chitosan sponges for recyclable uses. Therefore, the chitosan sponge adsorbent is demonstrated to possess dramatically squeezable capability with durability for 10,000 cycles and recyclable adsorption for at least 10 cycles, which provides an efficient and economical way for both biomass treatment and water purification