Abstract verification and debugging of constraint logic programs

The technique of Abstract Interpretation [13] has allowed the development of sophisticated program analyses which are provably correct and practical. The semantic approximations produced by such analyses have been traditionally applied to optimization during program compilation. However, recently, novel and promising applications of semantic approximations have been proposed in the more general context of program verification and debugging [3],[10],[7]

Reflexiones periféricas sobre las disyuntivas identitarias de una Europa en crisis: oscilaciones de un sueño paneuropeo cargado de una compleja vanidad

La Europa moderna, se ha erigido como centro irradiador de cultura y valores universales, en representación de la civilización occidental. Los enfoques eurocéntricos han generado el diseño hegemónico de construcciones sociales que han permitido construir una idea de pertenencia a pesar de la falta de unidad al interior de un continente profundamente diverso, en donde múltiples identidades -locales, nacionales y regionales - entran sistemáticamente en fricción. Así, mientras, por un lado, el viejo continente se halla atravesando un proceso transitivo producto de una nueva crisis multidimensional, por otro, aún puede apreciarse una cuota de vanidad en ciertos sectores -cuya versión extrema aquí se ha denominado Euronarcisimo- respecto del rol civilizatorio que aquel debe desempeñar en el actual sistema global. En ese marco, el presente artículo surgido de las experticias vividas en el viejo continente por estos autores, analiza la actual coyuntura europea, rescatando algunas de las principales contradicciones identitarias que emergen y se profundizan mientras Europa piensa su nuevo rol en un mundo en cambioModern Europe has emerged as a radiating center of culture and universal values, representing Western civilization. Eurocentric approaches have generated the design of hegemonic social constructs that have allowed it to build a sense of belonging despite the lack of unity within a deeply diverse continent, where multiple local, regional and national identities, are in friction systematically. So, on the one hand, the old continent is undergoing a transitive process product of a new multidimensional crisis, on the other, can still be seen a vanity in certain sectors - extreme version of which has been termed here Euronarcisimo - about civilization role that it be should play in the current global system. In this context, this paper that emerged from the expertise gained in the old continent by these authors, analyzes the current European situation, some of major identity contradictions that emerge and deepened as Europe rethinks his new role on a changing world.Comini, Nicolás M. Licenciado en Relaciones Internacionales (Universidad del Salvador); Becario doctoral del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y docente titular de cátedra de Política Internacional Contemporánea y Teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales II y III (Universidad del Salvador)Bontempo, Tomas. Licenciado en Relaciones Internacionales (Universidad del Salvador); Docente adjunto e investigador de la cátedra de Teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales II y III (IDICSO/USAL) y Maestrando en Integración Latinoamericana (Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero - UNTREF

Reflexiones periféricas sobre las disyuntivas identitarias de una Europa en crisis: oscilaciones de un sueño paneuropeo cargado de una compleja vanidad

La Europa moderna, se ha erigido como centro irradiador de cultura y valores universales, en representación de la civilización occidental. Los enfoques eurocéntricos han generado el diseño hegemónico de construcciones sociales que han permitido construir una idea de pertenencia a pesar de la falta de unidad al interior de un continente profundamente diverso, en donde múltiples identidades -locales, nacionales y regionales - entran sistemáticamente en fricción. Así, mientras, por un lado, el viejo continente se halla atravesando un proceso transitivo producto de una nueva crisis multidimensional, por otro, aún puede apreciarse una cuota de vanidad en ciertos sectores -cuya versión extrema aquí se ha denominado Euronarcisimo- respecto del rol civilizatorio que aquel debe desempeñar en el actual sistema global. En ese marco, el presente artículo surgido de las experticias vividas en el viejo continente por estos autores, analiza la actual coyuntura europea, rescatando algunas de las principales contradicciones identitarias que emergen y se profundizan mientras Europa piensa su nuevo rol en un mundo en cambioModern Europe has emerged as a radiating center of culture and universal values, representing Western civilization. Eurocentric approaches have generated the design of hegemonic social constructs that have allowed it to build a sense of belonging despite the lack of unity within a deeply diverse continent, where multiple local, regional and national identities, are in friction systematically. So, on the one hand, the old continent is undergoing a transitive process product of a new multidimensional crisis, on the other, can still be seen a vanity in certain sectors - extreme version of which has been termed here Euronarcisimo - about civilization role that it be should play in the current global system. In this context, this paper that emerged from the expertise gained in the old continent by these authors, analyzes the current European situation, some of major identity contradictions that emerge and deepened as Europe rethinks his new role on a changing world.Comini, Nicolás M. Licenciado en Relaciones Internacionales (Universidad del Salvador); Becario doctoral del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y docente titular de cátedra de Política Internacional Contemporánea y Teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales II y III (Universidad del Salvador)Bontempo, Tomas. Licenciado en Relaciones Internacionales (Universidad del Salvador); Docente adjunto e investigador de la cátedra de Teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales II y III (IDICSO/USAL) y Maestrando en Integración Latinoamericana (Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero - UNTREF

K-ATP channel gene expression is induced by urocortin and mediates its cardioprotective effect

Background-Urocortin is a novel cardioprotective agent that can protect cardiac myocytes from the damaging effects of ischemia/reperfusion both in culture and in the intact heart and is effective when given at reperfusion.Methods and Results-We have analyzed global changes in gone expression in cardiac myocytes after urocortin treatment using gene chip technology. We report that urocortin specifically induces enhanced expression of the Kir 6.1 cardiac potassium channel subunit. On the basis of this finding, we showed that the cardioprotective effect of urocortin both in isolated cardiac cells and in the intact heart is specifically blocked by both generalized and mitochondrial-specific K-ATP channel blockers, whereas the cardioprotective effect of cardiotrophin-1 is unaffected. Conversely, inhibiting the Kir 6.1 channel subunit greatly enhances cardiac cell death after ischemia.Conclusions-This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the altered expression of a K-ATP. channel subunit induced by a cardioprotective agent and demonstrates that K-ATP, channel opening is essential for the effect of this novel cardioprotective agent

Low temperature gas sensing properties of Graphene Oxide/SnO2 nanowires composite for H-2

In this work Graphene Oxide (GO) and SnO2 nanowires (NWs) composite sensing performance were studied. Single crystal SnO2 NWs were directly grown by thermal evaporation method and GO was successfully synthesized using modified Hummers method. RF magnetron sputtered Pt particles were used as a catalyst for the growth of SnO2 NWs. Drop cast technique was used to deposited GO on top of the SnO2 NWs. FE-SEM (LEO 1525) was used to investigate the morphology of SnO2 NWs and GO. Fabricated sensors were tested towards various concentration of H-2 at different working temperatures. This GO/SnO2 hybrid sensors show a reversible response to H-2 at low operating temperature. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Using global analysis, partial specifications, and an extensible assertion language for program validation and debugging

We discuss a framework for the application of abstract interpretation as an aid during program development, rather than in the more traditional application of program optimization. Program validation and detection of errors is first performed statically by comparing (partial) specifications written in terms of assertions against information obtained from (global) static analysis of the program. The results of this process are expressed in the user assertion language. Assertions (or parts of assertions) which cannot be checked statically are translated into run-time tests. The framework allows the use of assertions to be optional. It also allows using very general properties in assertions, beyond the predefined set understandable by the static analyzer and including properties defined by user programs. We also report briefly on an implementation of the framework. The resulting tool generates and checks assertions for Prolog, CLP(R), and CHIP/CLP(fd) programs, and integrates compile-time and run-time checking in a uniform way. The tool allows using properties such as types, modes, non-failure, determinacy, and computational cost, and can treat modules separately, performing incremental analysis

Synthesis and gas-sensing properties of pd-doped SnO2 nanocrystals. A case study of a general methodology for doping metal oxide nanocrystals

Pd-modified SnO2 nanocrystals, with a Pd/Sn nominal atomic ratio of 0.025, were prepared by injecting SnO2 sols and a Pd precursor solution into tetradecene and dodecylamine at 160 degrees C. Two different doping procedures were investigated: in co-injection, a Pd acetylacetonate solution in chloroform was mixed with the SnO2 sol before the injection; in sequential injection, the Pd solution was injected separately after the SnO2 sol. The obtained suspensions were heated at the resulting 80 degrees C temperature, then the product was collected by centrifugation and dried at 80 degrees C. When using co-injection, in the dried products PdO and Pd nanoparticles were observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Only SnO2 nanocrystals were observed in dried products prepared by sequential injection. After heat-treatment at 500 degrees C, no Pd species were observed for both doping procedures. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that, in both the doping procedures, after heat-treatment Pd is distributed only into the SnO2 nanocrystal structure. This conclusion was reinforced by the measurement of the electrical properties of Pd-doped nanocrystals, showing a remarkable increase of the electrical resistance if compared with pure SnO2 nanocrystals. This result was interpreted as Pd insertion as a dopant inside the cassiterite lattice of tin dioxide. The addition of Pd resulted in a remarkable improvement of the gas-sensing properties, allowing the detection of carbon monoxide concentrations below 50 ppm and of very low concentrations (below 25 ppm) of other reducing gases such as ethanol and acetone

Context-sensitive multivariant assertion checking in modular programs

We propose a modular, assertion-based system for verification and debugging of large logic programs, together with several interesting models for checking assertions statically in modular programs, each with different characteristics and representing different trade-offs. Our proposal is a modular and multivariant extensión of our previously proposed abstract assertion checking model and we also report on its implementation in the CiaoPP system. In our approach, the specification of the program, given by a set of assertions, may be partial, instead of the complete specification required by raditional verification systems. Also, the system can deal with properties which cannot always be determined at compile-time. As a result, the proposed system needs to work with safe approximations: all assertions proved correct are guaranteed to be valid and all errors actual errors. The use of modular, context-sensitive static analyzers also allows us to introduce a new distinction between assertions checked in a particular context or checked in general

Defect study of SnO2 nanostructures by cathodoluminescence analysis: Application to nanowires

Defects in SnO2 nanowires have been studied by cathodoluminescence, and the obtained spectra have been compared with those measured on SnO2 nanocrystals of different sizes in order to reveal information about point defects not determined by other characterization techniques. Dependence of the luminescence bands on the thermal treatment temperatures and pre-treatment conditions have been determined pointing out their possible relation, due to the used treatment conditions, with the oxygen vacancy concentration. To explain these cathodoluminescence spectra and their behavior, a model based on first-principles calculations of the surface oxygen vacancies in the different crystallographic directions is proposed for corroborating the existence of surface state bands localized at energy values compatible with the found cathodoluminescence bands and with the gas sensing mechanisms. CL bands centered at 1.90 and 2.20 eV are attributed to the surface oxygen vacancies 100° coordinated with tin atoms, whereas CL bands centered at 2.37 and 2.75 eV are related to the surface oxygen vacancies 130° coordinated. This combined process of cathodoluminescence and ab initio calculations is shown to be a powerful tool for nanowire defect analysis

Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business: Retrospective and Prospective Research

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