Entre ganhos e perdas simbólicas: a (des) mobilização das enfermeiras que atuaram na Segunda Guerra Mundial Entre lucros y perjuicios simbólicos: la (des) movilización de las enfermeras que actuaron en la Segunda Guerra Mundial Between profits and symbolic losses: the (de) mobilization of the nurses who had acted in the World War II

Estudo histórico-social. Objetivos: descrever as circunstâncias que ensejaram a mobilização e a desmobilização do primeiro grupamento feminino de enfermagem do Exército que atuou no Serviço de Saúde da Força Expedicionária Brasileira durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e analisar os efeitos simbólicos advindos da atuação deste grupamento. As fontes primárias constituíram-se de depoimentos orais, documentos escritos e/ou oficiais, jornais da época e biografias. As secundárias foram compostas do acervo bibliográfico existente sobre a referida temática. Os achados foram iluminados pelos conceitos de habitus e campo do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, que evidenciaram ganhos e perdas simbólicas processadas por ocasião da mobilização e da desmobilização destas voluntárias para a guerra. Conclui-se que das lutas simbólicas travadas, as enfermeiras acabaram sofrendo os reflexos da dominação masculina orquestrada no contexto político-social do Brasil à época, o que trouxe como conseqüência a (re) atualização de seu habitus.<br>Estudio histórico-social. Objetivos: describir las circunstancias que ocasionaron la movilización y la desmovilización del primer grupo femenino de enfermería del Ejército que participó del Servicio de Salud de la Fuerza de Expedición Brasileña mientras la Segunda Guerra Mundial ocurría y analizar los efectos simbólicos del funcionamiento de este grupo. Las fuentes primarias fueron declaraciones orales, documentos escritos, biografías y periódicos de la época. Las secundarias fueron compuestas del acervo bibliográfico que existe sobre la referida temática. Todo lo que fue descubierto fue iluminado por los conceptos de "habitus" y campo del sociólogo Pierre Bordieu, que evidenciaron lucros y perjuicios simbólicos por ocasión de la movilización y de la desmovilización de estas voluntarias para la Guerra. Se ha concluido que de las luchas simbólicas trabadas, las enfermeras acabaron sUfriendo los reflejos de la dominación masculina en el contexto político-social de Brasil a la época, lo que trajo como consecuencia la (re) actualización de sus "habitus".<br>Descriptive and social study. Objectives: to describe the circumstances that had tried the mobilization and the demobilization of the first feminine grouping of nursing of the Army that acted in the Service of Health of the Force Brazilian Member of an expedition during World War II and to analyze the happened symbolic effect of the performance of this grouping. The primary sources had consisted of verbal depositions, written and/or official documents, periodicals of the time and biographies. The secondary ones had been composed of the existing bibliographical quantity on the thematic related one. The findings had been illuminated by the concepts of "habitus" and field of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, whom profits and processed symbolic losses for occasion of the mobilization and the demobilization of these volunteers for the war had evidenced. It was concluded that to stop symbolic fights, the nurses had finished suffering the consequences from the masculine domination orchestrated in the Brazil's political and social context at the time, what brought as consequence the update of its "habitus"

Visual response of the tomato fruit fly, Neoceratitis cyanescens, to colored fruit models

To determine how mature females of the tomato fruit fly, Neoceratitis cyanescens (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), detect host fruit after arriving in their host plant habitat, behavioral responses to colored models were observed in a laboratory flight chamber. Host-seeking females oriented themselves preferentially towards bright orange spheres (3.7 cm in diameter), irrespective of their natal host fruit: tomato, bug weed, or black nightshade. Females oriented themselves preferentially towards the orange sphere when placed against a fluorescent yellow background as opposed to a black background, but the distribution of responses to the set of colored spheres did not vary significantly with background color. In a choice situation between bright orange spheres of various sizes (1.9, 3.7, and 7.5 cm in diameter), females landed preferentially on the bigger sphere. However, they preferred a yellow color when the latter was associated with two-dimensional models, probably mimicking leaves. The attractiveness of orange spheres depended more on the proportion of reflected light in the spectral region around 610 nm than brightness of color in itself. Low light intensity significantly influenced the activity of the flies but not their visual preference. The strong response of females to bright orange spheres confirmed the importance of visual characteristics in short-range mechanisms of host-plant location in specialist insects. Responses to fruit visual stimuli are discussed relative to other Tephritidae, host-finding strategy, and pest management. (Résumé d'auteur