Simultaneous Determination of Binary Mixture of Estradiol and Progesterone Using Different Spectrophotometric Methods

    أربع تقنيات طيفية مشتقة سريعة ودقيقة وبسيطة للغاية تم استخدامها  من أجل التقدير الكمي للمزيج الثنائي من استراديول والبروجسترون المصنّعة على شكل كبسولة. الطريقة الأولى هي قياس الصفرى للمشتق الأول تم اكتشاف السعات المشتقة عند طول موجة عبور صفرى239.27 و292.51 نانوميتر لتقدير استراديول و 249.19 نانوميتر للبروجسترون. الطريقة الثانية هى الطرح النسبي يتم التقدير البروجسترون عند 240 نانوميتر بعد طرح التداخل الذى يمارسه استراديول. الطريقة الثالثة هى طرح السعة المعدلة تم انشاؤه بأستخدام التحليل الطيفى المشتق والتلاعب الرياضي. الطريقة الرابعة هي تقنية نسبة الأمتصاص تم قياس الأمتصاصية لكلا الدواءين عند طولين موجيين نقطة الأمتصاص متساوية 2601=λ ونقطة امتصاص2402=λ لبروجسترون ويتم حساب التراكيز النهائية بواسطة معادلة Q. منحنى المعايرة خطي من 140 – 5 و 32 – 2 ميكرو غرام /مل لاستراديول وبروجسترون على التوالى. تم اختبار انتقائية التقنيات المقترحة بأستخدام توليفات تركيبة تم ا إنشاؤها فى المختبر وتم تقيمها بأستخدام طريقة الإضافة القياسية. بأستخدام ANOVAأحادى الأتجاه  تمت مقارنة مخرجات الطرق المقترحة ولم تضهرالنتيجة أي فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين التقنيات المقترحة.Four rapid, accurate and very simple derivative spectrophotometric techniques were developed for the quantitative determination of binary mixtures of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PRG) formulated as a capsule. Method I is the first derivative zero-crossing technique, derivative amplitudes were detected at the zero-crossing wavelength of 239.27 and 292.51 nm for the quantification of estradiol and 249.19 nm for Progesterone. Method II is ratio subtraction, progesterone was determined at λmax 240 nm after subtraction of interference exerted by estradiol. Method III is modified amplitude subtraction, which was established using derivative spectroscopy and mathematical manipulations. Method IIII is the absorbance ratio technique, absorbance of both medicines was measured at two wavelengths λ1= 260, -absorptive point and λ2=240max of progesterone. The Q equations were used to calculate the final concentrations. The calibration curve is linear from 5.0–140 and 2.0–32.0 µg/ml for estradiol and progesterone respectively. The proposed techniques' selectivity was tested using synthetic combinations created in the lab and assessed using the standard addition method. Using one-way ANOVA, the outputs of the proposed ways were compared, and the result showed no significant differences between the proposed techniques

Molecular interactions at the surface of extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and large oncosomes have been shown to participate in a wide variety of biological processes and are currently under intense investigation in many different fields of biomedicine. One of the key features of extracellular vesicles is that they have relatively large surface compared to their volume. Some extracellular vesicle surface molecules are shared with those of the plasma membrane of the releasing cell, while other molecules are characteristic for extracellular vesicular surfaces. Besides proteins, lipids, glycans, and nucleic acids are also players of extracellular vesicle surface interactions. Being secreted and present in high number in biological samples, collectively extracellular vesicles represent a uniquely large interactive surface area which can establish contacts both with cells and with molecules in the extracellular microenvironment. Here, we provide a brief overview of known components of the extracellular vesicle surface interactome and highlight some already established roles of the extracellular vesicle surface interactions in different biological processes in health and disease

Donor chimera model for tolerance induction in transplantation

<p>Tolerance induction is the basis of a successful transplantation with the goal being the re-establishment of homeostasis after transplantation. Non-autograft transplantation disrupts this maintenance drastically which would be avoided by administration of a novel procedure.</p><p>At present, the blood group antigens and the genotypes of the donor and recipient are cross-matched before transplantation combined with a drug regimen that confers general immunosuppression. But the 'specific' unresponsiveness of the recipient to the donor organ, implied by 'tolerance', is not achieved in this process.</p><p>This article introduces the 'donor chimera model' via the concept of the 'closed transplantation loop' approach for tolerance induction which seeks to limit the use of immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation. (C) 2013 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>

Investigation of Photo-Absorption and Current-Voltage Properties of Liquid Extracts from Fruits for Organic Solar Cells Application

In this research work, the optical absorption and photo-current characteristics of black grape, strawberry and orange solutions were investigated. The solutions were extracted from fresh fruits and UV-V is spectrophotometer was utilized to record the absorption spectra of the samples. Besides, the photo-current properties were investigated via current-voltage characteristics of the fruit solutions under illumination. The results showed that energy gaps of the fruits are located within the visible spectrum. Energy gap of 1.84eV was found for the black grape, 2.11eV for strawberry and 3.10eV for the orange solution. The broad absorption spectra for black grape and strawberry have proved the fruits capability to harvest solar energy. Additionally, the enhanced photo-current activity of the fruit solutions under light suggested their potential application for the organic and/or dyes solar cell