Evaluation of auditory efferent system function in children with autism

زمینه و هدف: مطالعات مختلف نشان داده اند که سیستم وابران شنیداری در توجه انتخابی نقش دارد و از این رو بررسی این سیستم در کودکان اوتیسمی بسیار ارزشمند است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی مسیر وابران شنوایی در کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم در مقایسه با کودکان با رشد هنجار بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی تعداد 34 کودک 11-5 ساله در قالب دو گروه هنجار (17 نفر) و مبتلا به اوتیسم (17 نفر) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. کلیه کودکان در آزمون های ادیومتری تون خالص (Pure-tone audionetry)، ادیومتری گفتاری (Speech audiometery)، تمپانومتری (Tympanometry) و گسیل های صوتی گوشی گذرا (otoacoustic emissions=TEOAE-evoked Transient)دارای نتایج طبیعی بودند. عملکرد سیستم وابران از طریق ثبت پاسخ های TEOAE در دو حالت ارائه نویز دگر طرفی و بدون ارائه نویز بررسی گردید. جهت آنالیز نتایج از از نرم افزار آماری SPSS و آزمون های تی مستقل و تی زوجی استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تفاوت قابل ملاحظه ای بین میانگین میزان مهار در دو گروه وجود دارد (001/0=P). میانگین دامنه TEOAE در حالت بدون نویز دگر طرفی در گروه هنجار (09/4 ± 63/17) و در گروه اوتیسم (78/3 ± 40/17) به دست آمد که از لحاظ آماری نشان دهنده تفاوت معنی داری نبود (83/0=P). نتیجه گیری: یافته های کسب شده در مطالعه حاضر نشان دهنده کاهش فعالیت سیستم وابران شنوایی در کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم نسبت به کودکان با رشد هنجار بود. با توجه به اینکه آزمون مورد استفاده در این مطالعه، مهار گسیل های صوتی گوشی گذرا (TEOAE suppression) است، می توان نتیجه گرفت این آزمون ابزار بالینی حساس، غیر تهاجمی، عینی و مناسب برای بررسی عملکرد سیستم وابران در کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم است

Spin Physics at e^+e^- Colliders

A large number of measurements with polarized beams and/or spin analysis of final state particles has been performed at the e^+e^- colliders LEP and SLC, providing important information on the dynamics of high energy interactions. In this paper three subjects, for which the role of spin studies was particularly relevant, will be covered: the measurements of the electroweak couplings, the study of fragmentation dynamics and the search for physics beyond the Standard Model.Comment: 11 pages, Invited talk given at the International Workshop on Symmetry and Spin - Prague, Czech Republic, August 30 - September 5, 199

B Physics at the Z0 Resonance

B physics results from e+ e- annihilation at the Z0 resonance are reviewed. A vast program is summarised, including the study of B+, B0d, B0s and b baryon lifetimes, the time dependence of B0d and B0s oscillations, the width difference in the B0s system, and the measurements of the magnitudes of the CKM matrix elements Vcb and Vub.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, presented at the UK Phenomenology Workshop on Heavy Flavour and CP Violation, 17-22 September 200

Faddeev study of heavy baryon spectroscopy

We investigate the structure of heavy baryons containing a charm or a bottom quark. We employ a constituent quark model successful in the description of the baryon-baryon interaction which is consistent with the light baryon spectra. We solve exactly the three-quark problem by means of the Faddeev method in momentum space. Heavy baryon spectrum shows a manifest compromise between perturbative and nonperturbative contributions. The flavor dependence of the one-gluon exchange is analyzed. We assign quantum numbers to some already observed resonances and we predict the first radial and orbital excitations of all states with $J=1/2$ or 3/2. We combine our results with heavy quark symmetry and lowest-order SU(3) symmetry breaking to predict the masses and quantum numbers of six still non-measured ground-state beauty baryons.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables. Accepted for publication in J. Phys.

Charm Cross Sections for the Tevatron Run II

We present a calculation of the D^{*+}, D^+ and D^0 meson single inclusive production cross section for the Tevatron Run II. We use the FONLL approach in perturbative QCD, which, besides including the known next-to-leading order corrections, also provides for the resummation at the next-to-leading logarithmic level of terms enhanced at large p_T by powers of log(p_T/m), where m is the charm mass and p_T is its transverse momentum. Non-perturbative effects in charm hadronization are extracted, in moment space, from recent ALEPH data for D^* fragmentation in e^+e^- collisions.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, LaTe

Evaluation of measurement accuracies of the Higgs boson branching fractions in the International Linear Collider

Precise measurement of Higgs boson couplings is an important task for International Linear Collider (ILC) experiments and will facilitate the understanding of the particle mass generation mechanism. In this study, the measurement accuracies of the Higgs boson branching fractions to the $b$ and $c$ quarks and gluons, $\Delta Br(H\to b\bar{b},\sim c\bar{c},\sim gg)/Br$, were evaluated with the full International Large Detector model (\texttt{ILD\_00}) for the Higgs mass of 120 GeV at the center-of-mass (CM) energies of 250 and 350 GeV using neutrino, hadronic and leptonic channels and assuming an integrated luminosity of $250 {\rm fb^{-1}}$, and an electron (positron) beam polarization of -80% (+30%). We obtained the following measurement accuracies of the Higgs cross section times branching fraction ($\Delta (\sigma \cdot Br)/\sigma \cdot Br$) for decay of the Higgs into $b\bar{b}$, $c\bar{c}$, and $gg$; as 1.0%, 6.9%, and 8.5% at a CM energy of 250 GeV and 1.0%, 6.2%, and 7.3% at 350 GeV, respectively. After the measurement accuracy of the cross section ($\Delta\sigma/\sigma$) was corrected using the results of studies at 250 GeV and their extrapolation to 350 GeV, the derived measurement accuracies of the branching fractions ($\Delta Br/Br$) to $b\bar{b}$, $c\bar{c}$, and gg were 2.7%, 7.3%, and 8.9% at a CM energy of 250 GeV and 3.6%, 7.2%, and 8.1% at 350 GeV, respectively.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Soft Photoproduction Physics

Several topics of interest in soft photoproduction physics are discussed. These include jet universality issues (particle flavour composition), the subdivision into event classes, the buildup of the total photoproduction cross section and the effects of multiple interactions.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX2e, no figures, to appear in the proceedings of the Durham Workshop on HERA Physics, ``Proton, Photon and Pomeron Structure'', 17--23 September 1995, Durham, U.

Proton-Antiproton Annihilation into a Lambda_c-Antilambda_c Pair

The process p-pbar -> Lambda_c-Antilambda_c is investigated within the handbag approach. It is shown that the dominant dynamical mechanism, characterized by the partonic subprocess u-ubar -> c-cbar factorizes in the sense that only the subprocess contains highly virtual partons, a gluon to lowest order of perturbative QCD, while the hadronic matrix elements embody only soft scales and can be parameterized in terms of helicity flip and non-flip generalized parton distributions. Modelling these parton distributions by overlaps of light-cone wave functions for the involved baryons we are able to predict cross sections and spin correlation parameters for the process of interest.Comment: 39 pages, 7 figures, problems with printout of figures resolved, Ref. 33 and referring sentences in section 4 change

The MSSM fine tuning problem: a way out

As is well known, electroweak breaking in the MSSM requires substantial fine-tuning, mainly due to the smallness of the tree-level Higgs quartic coupling, lambda_tree. Hence the fine tuning is efficiently reduced in supersymmetric models with larger lambda_tree, as happens naturally when the breaking of SUSY occurs at a low scale (not far from the TeV). We show, in general and with specific examples, that a dramatic improvement of the fine tuning (so that there is virtually no fine-tuning) is indeed a very common feature of these scenarios for wide ranges of tan(beta) and the Higgs mass (which can be as large as several hundred GeV if desired, but this is not necessary). The supersymmetric flavour problems are also drastically improved due to the absence of RG cross-talk between soft mass parameters.Comment: 28 pages, 9 PS figures, LaTeX Published versio

Resummed event-shape variables in DIS

We complete our study of resummed event-shape distributions in DIS by presenting results for the class of observables that includes the current jet mass, the C-parameter and the thrust with respect to the current-hemisphere thrust axis. We then compare our results to data for all observables for which data exist, fitting for alpha_s and testing the universality of non-perturbative 1/Q effects. A number of technical issues arise, including the extension of the concept of non-globalness to the case of discontinuous globalness; singularities and non-convergence of distributions other than in the Born limit; methods to speed up fixed-order Monte Carlo programs by up to an order of magnitude, relevant when dealing with many x and Q points; and the estimation of uncertainties on the predictions.Comment: 41 page