Ecologie des poissons capitaines: Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829), Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch, 1795) et Pentanemus quinquarius (Linné, 1758) de la pêcherie artisanale maritime de Grand-Lahou (Côte d'Ivoire)

The Ecology of Polynemids: Poydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829), Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch, 1795) and Pentanemus quinquarius (Linné, 1758) of the Artisanal Marine Fisheries of Grand Lahou (Ivory Coast). The ecology of Polynemids (Poydactylus quadrifilis, Galeoides decadactylus and Pentanemus quinquarius has been studied starting from the unloads of the artisanal marine fisheries of Grand Lahou (Ivory Coast). The temperature of the littoral is high during June and May with an average of 27,55±0,8 °C such as between November and December (29,30±0,1 °C). It is low between July and September (24,5±1,5 °C). On the other hand, salinity has its higher average values (35±0,8 g/l) during the cold periods (July at September) and lowest during the hot period, from October to January (33,9±0,3 g/l). The physiological needs of Polynemids cause seasonal migrations of the juveniles and adults. Hence the crossing of the estuary of the lagoon during the cold period, from June to August by the juveniles of Polydactylus quadrifilis and Galeoides decadactylus. For Polydactylus quadrifilis the annual recruitment of young specimens is identical to that of the adults, which is contrary to that of Galeoides decadactylus and Pentanemus quinquarius

Distribution spatio-temporelle des poissons Mugilidae dans la lagune de Grand-lahou (Côte d’ivoire)

Ce travail étudie la distribution des Mugilidae dans la lagune de Grand-lahou. Des échantillons, provenant de tous les secteurs lagunaires ont été analysés de septembre 2009 à août 2010. Six espèces de Mugilidae ont été identifiées. Mugil curema (40,75%) y domine, suivie de Liza falcipinnis (28,96%) et de Mugil cephalus (14,96%). Liza dumerili (7,42%), Mugil bananensis (5,61%) et Liza grandisquamis (2,30%) sont peu représentées. Mugil curema et Mugil bananensis sont plus abondants au niveau de la passe et secondairement autour de ce site. Cette distribution est inversée chez Liza dumerili et Liza grandisquamis. Mugil cephalus et Liza falcipinnis ont plutôt une répartition quasi-uniforme. Les spécimens sexuellement indifférenciés sont plus distribués dans les zones proches de la passe, excepté ceux de Mugil cephalus, largement distribués dans la partie océanique. Les individus de grandes tailles restent plutôt distribués dans tous les secteurs lagunaires. De mi-juillet à fin septembre, les eaux de la lagune sont dessalées, à l’exception de celles de la partie océanique et de la passe, fréquentées par les Mugilidae pendant cette période. Cette période coïncide avec la saison de la reproduction. La sex-ratio globale est en faveur des mâles chez Liza dumerili, Mugil cephalus et Liza grandisquamis. Chez Mugil bananensis, Liza falcipinnis et Mugil curema, elle est en faveur des femelles. Les tailles moyennes varient entre les espèces. Les femelles sont significativement plus grandes que les mâles, exceptés chez Liza grandisquamis. Pour un même sexe, elles sont plus ou moins variables sur différents sites au sein de la lagune

La peche continentale au lac de Songori (region du Gontougo; Nord-Est de la Cote D'Ivoire): Facteurs de production et niveau d'exploitation halieutique

RESUMEL’étude de l’activité de pêche au lac de Songori (environ 1,5 km²) dans la région du Gontougo (Nord- Est de la Côte d’Ivoire) s’est déroulée de janvier 2013 à décembre 2014. Elle montre que la pêche est essentiellement pratiquée par des ivoiriens (100 %) avec une absence de pêcheurs professionnels. Ces acteurs sont majoritairement des pêcheurs-agriculteurs (80 %) et considèrent la pêche comme une activité secondaire. Ils utilisent généralement les filets maillants (89,66 %) comme engins de pêche. Des pirogues monoxyles (83,33 %) constituent les embarcations les plus couramment utilisées. L’effort de pêche est autour de 2,7 pêcheurs/km². Les captures comprennent des espèces économiquement importantes avec une prédominance de Oreochromis niloticus (68,10 % à 78,89 % de la biomasse annuelle). La production annuelle est comprise entre 13,33 et 13,51 t soit entre 88,9 et 90,1 kg/ha/an. Elle reste inférieure aux captures potentielles (entre 100 et 750 kg/ha/an) indiquées par la FAO pour ces plans d’eau ; ce qui montre qu’il peut exister une marge pour augmenter la biomasse exploitée. Toutefois, le manque de professionnalisme des pêcheurs, la vétusté des engins de pêche et l’occupation du tiers (environ) du volume d’eau exploitable par des plantes aquatiques constituent une entrave majeure au développement de cette activité. ABSTRACTINLAND FISHING AT LAKE SONGORI (GONTOUGO REGION; NORTH-EAST OF THE IVORY COAST): FACTORS OF PRODUCTION AND LEVEL OF FISHING EXPLOITATIONThe study of fishing activity on Lake Songori (about 1.5 km²) in the area of Gontougo (north-east of Ivory Coast) took place from January 2013 to December 2014. It shows that fishing is mainly practiced by Ivorians (100%) with no professional fishermen. These actors are mainly fishermen-farmers (91.67%) and consider fishing as a secondary activity. They generally use gillnets (89.66%) as fishing gear. Monoxyls canoes (83.33%) are the most commonly used boats. The fishing effort is around 2.7 fishermen / km². Catches include economically important species with a predominance of Oreochromis niloticus (68.10% to 78.89% of the annual biomass). The annual production is between 13,33 and 13,51 t or between 88.9 and 90.1 kg / ha / year. It remains lower the potential catches (between 100 and 750 kg / ha / year) reported by FAO for these water bodies; which shows that there may be a margin to increase the exploited biomass. However, the lack of professionalism of fishermen, the obsolescence of fishing gear and the occupation of about one-third of the volume of water exploitable by aquatic plants constitute a major obstacle to the development of this activity

Effects of High Soil Temperature and Water Stresses on Malian Pearl Millet and Sorghum during Seedling Stage

Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) can suffer from poor stand establishment under conditions of high soil temperature and water stresses. A line source sprinkler irrigation system and a charcoal pit technique were used to evaluate stand establishment and high correlations existed between the two methods. It may be possible to use the charcoal pit technique as a predictive tool in drought resistance breeding programs

Addressing preference heterogeneity in public health policy by combining Cluster Analysis and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis: Proof of Method.

The use of subgroups based on biological-clinical and socio-demographic variables to deal with population heterogeneity is well-established in public policy. The use of subgroups based on preferences is rare, except when religion based, and controversial. If it were decided to treat subgroup preferences as valid determinants of public policy, a transparent analytical procedure is needed. In this proof of method study we show how public preferences could be incorporated into policy decisions in a way that respects both the multi-criterial nature of those decisions, and the heterogeneity of the population in relation to the importance assigned to relevant criteria. It involves combining Cluster Analysis (CA), to generate the subgroup sets of preferences, with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), to provide the policy framework into which the clustered preferences are entered. We employ three techniques of CA to demonstrate that not only do different techniques produce different clusters, but that choosing among techniques (as well as developing the MCDA structure) is an important task to be undertaken in implementing the approach outlined in any specific policy context. Data for the illustrative, not substantive, application are from a Randomized Controlled Trial of online decision aids for Australian men aged 40-69 years considering Prostate-specific Antigen testing for prostate cancer. We show that such analyses can provide policy-makers with insights into the criterion-specific needs of different subgroups. Implementing CA and MCDA in combination to assist in the development of policies on important health and community issues such as drug coverage, reimbursement, and screening programs, poses major challenges -conceptual, methodological, ethical-political, and practical - but most are exposed by the techniques, not created by them

Experimental and DFT Studies on the Behavior of Caffeine as Effective Corrosion Inhibitor of Copper in 1M HNO3

Caffeine was tested as copper corrosion inhibitor in 1M HNO3 using mass loss technique at 308-328K and theoretical studies based on quantum chemistry. The inhibition efficiency is concentration and temperature dependent: Caffeine showed an inhibition efficiency of 78% at 5mM for T =328K. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters ( were determined and analyzed. They revealed a spontaneous adsorption process and a strong interaction between Caffeine and the metal surface. Adsorption isotherms including Langmuir, Temkin and El-Awady were tested. It was found that Caffeine adsorbs on copper according to the modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Dubinin Raduskevitch model was used to distinguish between chemisorption and physisorption. Activation parameters ( were also determined and discussed. Furthermore, the quantum chemical properties/descriptors most relevant to the potential action of the molecule as corrosion inhibitor such as highest occupied molecular energy (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), energy gap(∆E), dipole moment ( and charges on heteroatoms were calculated using DFT at B3LYP level with 6-31+G (d) and LanL2DZ basis sets. Fukui indices were also determined and discussed. The theoretical results are consistent with the experimental data reported. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i2.80

Croissance et âge des poissons capitaines: Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829), Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch, 1795) et Pentanemus quinquarius (Linné, 1758) de la pêcherie artisanale maritime de Grand-Lahou (Côte d’Ivoire)

Cette étude a porté sur les capitaines Polydactylus quadrifilis, Galeoides decadactylus et Pentanemus quinquarius capturés à la pêche artisanale maritime de Grand-Lahou (Côte d’Ivoire) en vue de déterminer leur croissance et âge à partir des pesées et les prises de tailles. Les coefficients d’allométrie indiquent que la forme du corps de Polydactylus quadrifilis (b=3,23) et de Galeoides decadactylus (b=3,08) ne varie pas au cours de leur croissance. Par contre, la croissance pondérale est moins rapide que celle en taille chez les mâles de Galeoides decadactylus (b=2,8). Les spécimens de Pentanemus quinquarius (b=3,5), croissent plus rapidement en poids qu’en taille. Les taux de croissance K déterminés indiquent que Pentanemus quinquarius a le plus fort taux (K=0,808) tandis que Polydactylus quadrifilis en a le plus faible (K=0,406). Au niveau des indices de performance de croissance en taille (Ø’) et en poids (Ø), Polydactylus quadrifilis a les indices les plus élevés (Ø’=3,91; Ø=2,237); Pentanemus quinquarius en a les plus faibles (Ø’=2,65; Ø=1,409). Les capitaines croissent plus vite à un âge inférieur à 1 an. L’espèce Polydactylus quadrifilis (tmax=8,5 3) vit plus longtemps que Galeoides decadactylus (tmax=6,57), qui a une espérance de vie plus longue que Pentanemus quinquarius (tmax=4,289).Mots clés: Polynemidés, allométrie, indice de croissance, âge relati

Perspectives on diagnostic radiographers’ motivation for becoming researchers:A qualitative focus group study

Introduction: This paper presents motivational factors to engage, start a research project and pursue a research career. The study aimed to investigate radiographer's motivation for engaging in research. Methods: Eight radiographers from Denmark with experience in research were interviewed in a 2-h focus group interview in October 2023. This qualitative approach was selected to allow the participants to discuss their opinions and values. The discussions were audio recorded and transcribed before the thematic analysis was performed. Results: The analysis revealed six main themes: the importance of radiographic research, the importance of radiographers' participation in research, research radiographers’ motivation, funding and participation in research projects, demotivation and difficulties, and facilitating radiographic research in the future. Conclusion: The participants were motivated by different factors. The participants found both research in radiography and radiographers’ participation in research-related activities important, although they found lack of support from managers, funding, and time to be demotivational factors. Implication for practice: This study contributes to the limited literature on motivational factors for becoming a researcher within radiography.</p