SYM, Chern-Simons, Wess-Zumino Couplings and their higher derivative corrections in IIA Superstring theory

We find the entire form of the amplitude of two fermion strings (with different chirality), a massless scalar field and one closed string Ramond-Ramond (RR) in IIA superstring theory which is different from its IIB one. We make use of a very particular gauge fixing and explore several new couplings in IIA. All infinite $u$- channel scalar poles and $t,s$- channel fermion poles are also constructed. We find new form of higher derivative corrections to two fermion two scalar couplings and show that the first simple $(s+t+u)-$ channel scalar pole for $p+2=n$ case can be obtained by having new higher derivative corrections to SYM couplings at third order of $\alpha'$. We find that the general structure and the coefficients of higher derivative corrections to two fermion two scalar couplings are completely different from the derived $\alpha'$ higher derivative corrections of type IIB.Comment: 29 pages, no figure,Latex file,published version in EPJ

Quantum quenches in disordered systems: Approach to thermal equilibrium without a typical relaxation time

We study spectral properties and the dynamics after a quench of one-dimensional spinless fermions with short-range interactions and long-range random hopping. We show that a sufficiently fast decay of the hopping term promotes localization effects at finite temperature, which prevents thermalization even if the classical motion is chaotic. For slower decays, we find that thermalization does occur. However, within this model, the latter regime falls in an unexpected universality class, namely, observables exhibit a power-law (as opposed to an exponential) approach to their thermal expectation values.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Mathematical Model of \u3cem\u3eChlorella minutissima\u3c/em\u3e UTEX2341 Growth and Lipid Production Under Photoheterotrophic Fermentation Conditions

To reduce the cost of algal biomass production, mathematical model was developed for the first time to describe microalgae growth, lipid production and glycerin consumption under photoheterotrophic conditions based on logistic, Luedeking–Piret and Luedeking–Piret-like equations. All experiments were conducted in a 2 L batch reactor without considering CO2 effect on algae’s growth and lipid production. Biomass and lipid production increased with glycerin as carbon source and were well described by the logistic and Luedeking–Piret equations respectively. Model predictions were in satisfactory agreement with measured data and the mode of lipid production was growth-associated. Sensitivity analysis was applied to examine the effects of certain important parameters on model performance. Results showed that S0, the initial concentration of glycerin, was the most significant factor for algae growth and lipid production. This model is applicable for prediction of other single cell algal species but model testing is recommended before scaling up the fermentation of process