Estudo fenológico de espécies arbóreas da floresta ombrófila mista (floresta com araucária), no Município de Colombo-PR.

Resumo

Efficient Parallel Statistical Model Checking of Biochemical Networks

We consider the problem of verifying stochastic models of biochemical networks against behavioral properties expressed in temporal logic terms. Exact probabilistic verification approaches such as, for example, CSL/PCTL model checking, are undermined by a huge computational demand which rule them out for most real case studies. Less demanding approaches, such as statistical model checking, estimate the likelihood that a property is satisfied by sampling executions out of the stochastic model. We propose a methodology for efficiently estimating the likelihood that a LTL property P holds of a stochastic model of a biochemical network. As with other statistical verification techniques, the methodology we propose uses a stochastic simulation algorithm for generating execution samples, however there are three key aspects that improve the efficiency: first, the sample generation is driven by on-the-fly verification of P which results in optimal overall simulation time. Second, the confidence interval estimation for the probability of P to hold is based on an efficient variant of the Wilson method which ensures a faster convergence. Third, the whole methodology is designed according to a parallel fashion and a prototype software tool has been implemented that performs the sampling/verification process in parallel over an HPC architecture

Special and inclusive education in the Republic of Ireland: reviewing the literature from 2000 to 2009

Provision for pupils with special educational needs in Ireland has undergone considerable change and review in the first decade of the twenty first century. In response to international demands for a more equitable education system which recognises diversity and considers how schools might address the needs of pupils who have been previously marginalised, Irish legislation has focused upon the development of inclusive schooling. Researchers during this period have endeavoured to understand how responses to the demand for greater inclusion have impacted upon the perceived need for change. This paper reviews the research literature for this period and identifies four key themes under which research has been conducted. The literature pertaining to these themes is explored and a possible agenda for future researchers identifie

Recovering a lost seismic disaster. The destruction of El Castillejo and the discovery of the earliest historic earthquake affecting the Granada region (Spain)

This paper discusses recent archaeological fieldwork conducted at El Castillejo, a medieval Islamic settlement in Los Guájares, Granada, southern Spain. Results from combined archaeological excavation and archaeoseismological assessment of standing structures suggest that the site was affected by a destructive earthquake during its occupation. Radiocarbon samples and OSL analysis point to a seismic event in the period CE 1224–1266. The earthquake occurred within an area marked by a ‘seismological gap’ in terms of historic seismicity and the causative fault has been tentatively identified in the Nigüelas-Padul Fault System which lies north of the settlement. This event is not recorded by national or European seismic catalogues and represents the oldest historic earthquake in the Granada area. Our work stresses the significant impact that targeted archaeological investigations can generate in our understanding of the local historic seismicity, thus providing clear implications for seismic disaster prevention and reduction

The archaeology of a landslide: Unravelling the Azores earthquake disaster of 1522 and its consequences

The multidisciplinary research described here shows how archaeologists can help reconstruct past seismic episodes and understand the subsequent relief operation, rehabilitation, and reconstruction processes. In October 1522, a major earthquake and landslide struck the then capital of the Azores, Vila Franca do Campo, 1500 km from the European mainland. Damage was extensive, destroying key monuments, affecting most of the inhabited area, and leaving few survivors among the early colonists. The results from twenty-six archaeological trenches, geological and geoarchaeological investigations, and documentary analysis are reviewed here. Distinctive archaeological deposits are identified and explained, using the high density of artefacts and the erosional contact between the landslide and the pre-1522 palaeosol to reconstruct the episode in detail

Residential radon - Comparative analysis of exposure models in Switzerland.

Residential radon exposure is a major public health issue in Switzerland due to the known association between inhaled radon progeny and lung cancer. To confirm recent findings of an association with skin cancer mortality, an updated national radon model is needed. The aim of this study was to derive the best possible residential radon prediction model for subsequent epidemiological analyses. Two different radon prediction models were developed (linear regression model vs. random forest) using ca. 80,000 measurements in the Swiss Radon Database (1994-2017). A range of geographic predictors and building specific predictors were considered in the 3-D models (x,y, floor of dwelling). A five-fold modelling strategy was used to evaluate the robustness of each approach, with models developed (80% measurement locations) and validated (20%) using standard diagnostics. Random forest consistently outperformed the linear regression model, with higher Spearman's rank correlation (51% vs. 36%), validation coefficient of determination (R <sup>2</sup> 31% vs. 15%), lower root mean square error (RMSE) and lower fractional bias. Applied to the population of 5.4 million adults in 2000, the random forest resulted in an arithmetic mean (standard deviation) of 75.5 (31.7) Bq/m <sup>3</sup> , and indicated a respective 16.1% and 0.1% adults with predicted radon concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization (100 Bq/m <sup>3</sup> ) and Swiss (300 Bq/m <sup>3</sup> ) reference values

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Análise do impacto de pesticidas sobre a rizosfera através do método da redução de DMSO.

Para se estimar a atividade microbiana total do solo, Alef & Kleiner (1989) propuseram o monitoramento da redução de dimetilsulfoxido (DMSO) a dimetilsulfeto (DMS), onde a resposta e expressa em ng.g-lsolo seco.h-l. No presente trabalho, utilizou-se esta metodologia de analise para avaliar na influencia do herbicida diuron na rizosfera de uma planta sensível (milho) inoculada com Acinetobacter baumannii GUS+ (rizobactéria degradadora do herbicida diuron (Roque et al, 1998)) e no solo onde as plantas apresentaram sintomas de fitotoxicidade. Para o experimento, foi utilizado um latossolo vermelho proveniente da região de mata. A amostragem consistiu na retirada de solo da rizosfera após 16 dias de cultivo, sob condições controladas, conforme os seguintes tratamentos: 1) testemunha (solo da mata), 2) solo + rizobactéria, 3) solo + diuron (4ug/ml), 4) solo + diuron (4ug/ml) + rizobactéria, com 4 repetições. Pesou-se 1,0 g de solo de cada uma das amostras, em um frasco com tampa rosqueável e septo de silicone, adicionou-se 0,2 ml de DMSO e deixou-se incubando a 30oC por 3 horas. Após esse período, 100 ul da amostra do headspace do frasco foi injetado no cromatógrafo e analisado por FID. Com outra amostra de 1,0 g de solo foi realizada diluição e plaqueamento para estimar a diversidade microbiana através da contagem em meio de cultura seletivo para fungos, bactérias, bactérias fluorescentes, Bacillus spp., leveduras, actinomicetos e a rizobactéria GUS+. A exemplo do que foi encontrado por Alef & Kleiner (1989), esta metodologia possibilitou detectar a influencia do herbicida na atividade microbiana na rizosfera, cujo resultado foi correlacionado a diversidade e ao numero de microrganismos

Comparación de modelos no lineales para describir curvas de crecimiento del portainjerto limón rugoso (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) bajo condiciones de vivero

This work aimed to find the statistical model that best describes the growth pattern of&nbsp; Lemon 'Rugoso' rootstock (Citrus jambhir Lusch.) in the nursery up to grafting diameter. Thus, the sowing was carried out in seedlings. 45 days after emerging, the seedlings were transplanted to 5 L pots with a substrate consisting of rice husks (40%), soil (40%), and commercial substrate (20%). Growth variables were evaluated every 30 days. For aerial growth, the following were quantified: neck diameter (DC), number of leaves (CH), stem length (LT), fresh mass of the stem (MFTa), fresh mass of leaves (MFH), dry mass of the stem (MSTa), dry mass of leaves (MSH). Also, root growth through root length (LR), fresh (MFR) and dry root mass (MSR), and total variables: total fresh mass (MFTotal), total dry mass (MSTotal), and full length (LT). To model growth curves, Logistic, Gompertz, and Monomolecular models were tested. The Gompertz model best fitted the rootstock growth over time for the aerial growth variables (except the number of leaves) and for the total variables (except the total length), while the Logistic model was the one that best adjusted the growth of the rootstock based on the time for the root growth variables. It was also suitable for the variables number of leaves and total length due to it presented a lower residual mean square of the error compared to the Logistic, Richards, and Monomolecular models.&nbsp;El objetivo fue encontrar el modelo estadístico que mejor describa el patrón de crecimiento del portainjerto Limón 'Rugoso' (Citrus jambhiri Lusch.) en vivero hasta diámetro de injertación. Para ello se sembró en almácigos y a los 45 días de la emergencia los plantines se trasplantaron a macetas de 5 L con sustrato constituido por cascarilla de arroz (40 %), suelo (40 %), y sustrato comercial (20 %). Se evaluaron variables de crecimiento cada 30 días. Para el crecimiento aéreo se cuantificó: diámetro de cuello (DC); cantidad de hojas (CH), largo del tallo (LT); masa fresca del tallo (MFTa), masa fresca de hojas (MFH), masa seca del tallo (MSTa); masa seca de hojas (MSH).&nbsp; También el crecimiento de raíz mediante: largo de raíz (LR), masa fresca (MFR) y seca de raíz (MSR), y variables totales: masa fresca total (MFTotal); masa seca total (MSTotal) y largo total (LT). Para modelar las curvas de crecimiento se probaron los modelos Logístico, Gompertz y Monomolecular. El modelo Gompertz fue el que mejor ajustó al crecimiento del portainjerto en el tiempo para las variables de crecimiento aéreo (a excepción del número de hojas) y para las variables totales (a excepción del largo total), mientras que el modelo Logístico fue el que mejor ajustó al crecimiento del portainjerto en función del tiempo para las variables de crecimiento radicular.&nbsp; También, obtuvo buen ajuste para las variables número de hojas y largo total, debido a que presentó menor cuadrado medio residual del error comparado con los modelos Logístico, Richards y Monomolecular

Enfermedad celíaca, ¿qué hay de nuevo?

La enfermedad celíaca (EC) es una enteropatía autoinmune sensible al gluten, con base genética. La prevalencia de la enfermedad es elevada y conforme aumentan los conocimientos de la patología, aumenta la prevalencia. Es bien conocida la asociación entra la EC y otras enfermedades de origen autoinmunitario. Los síntomas clásicos aparecen secundariamente a la malabsorción intestinal y desaparecen al retirar el gluten de la dieta, si bien el espectro clínico es muy amplio, con síntomas extradigestivos muy variados, lo que da una idea de que es una enfermedad multisistémica. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante biopsia intestinal y los marcadores serológicos. Su único tratamiento consiste en una dieta estricta sin gluten mantenida indefinidamente, ya que sin respetarse la dieta, podría evolucionar una complicación potencial más grave, que es la malignización