Whipworms in humans and pigs: origins and demography

© 2016 Hawash et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor

Palestinian Women’s Roles in Resisting the Occupation

The contributions of Palestinian women have historically been discredited and delegitimized. This has occurred both due to societal patriarchy, and due to patriarchal norms being exacerbated by the conditions of living under the violent Israeli occupation and settler colonialism. Yet in actuality, Palestinian women have played many diverse roles in resisting the occupation through both armed resistance and cultural resistance. These roles are exemplified in multiple organized resistance movements and unorganized forms of resistance such as caring for Palestinian land, embroidery, domesticity, and overall maintenance of normalcy despite the circumstances. Additionally, these roles are comparable to those of Indigenous women in North America, and their own forms of resistance of settler colonialism. This thesis explores the roles that Palestinian women have played in resisting the occupation of Palestine, and describes comparisons to these roles and those of Indigenous women in North America.Key Words: Palestine, Israel, Palestinian women, Indigenous women, women’s movements, occupation, settler colonialism, resistanc

Punitive Versus Rehabilitative Educational and Prison Systems: An In-Depth Comparison and Analysis of the School-to-Prison Pipeline

Youth in the United States of America are disproportionately affected by the School-to-Prison Pipeline, especially low-income and/or BIPOC youth. This is a result of centuries of historical classism and racism that serve as the foundation of the United States and is directly correlated with mass incarceration and the Prison Industrial Complex (PIC). Mass incarceration and the PIC demonstrate consistent, disturbing trends of incarceration of low-income and BIPOC communities. The policing of low-income and BIPOC students in public school classrooms, especially in Title I schools, is the earliest contribution of mass incarceration. This is evident through the presence of Student Resource Officers (SRO’s), metal detectors, and gates that mimic prison environments and systemically police youth. This ultimately contributes to disproportionate incarceration of youth, especially for nonviolent offenses such as truancy. The lack of resources and investment in Title I schools is cardinal to this issue, and is incomparable to those that predominantly white, high-income neighborhoods receive. Further, the tax dollars that are invested in education are inordinately lower than those invested in prisons. This perpetuates the School-to-Prison Pipeline, and prioritizes punitive prisons over preventative education. The surveillance of youth impacted by the School-to-Prison Pipelines impacts them through Zero Tolerance Policies and punitive measures. Gentrification of low-income, predominantly BIPOC neighborhoods brings an influx of resources, opportunities, and other positive changes; yet without the process of gentrification, these avenues of support for youth are rarely offered. This thesis examines the School-to-Prison Pipeline through an understanding of the impact of youth. This is done through the differentiation of punitive and rehabilitative systems as demonstrated in both prison and education systems. This analysis emphasizes the traumatic impact of the surveillance and mass incarceration on low-income, BIPOC youth and provides an understanding of the influence of historical racism and classism that is foundational to the School-to-Prison Pipeline.Key Words: Education systems, educational stratification, equity, mass incarceration, policing, Prison Industrial Complex (PIC), prison systems, punitive measures, rehabilitation, School-to-Prison Pipeline, youth, Zero Tolerance Policie

Hygiene, Storage, and Waste Management for the Unsheltered Community: Gaps & Opportunities Analysis

This study, completed in early February 2022, included focus groups and interviews with 18 government employees and service providers, interviews with 19 people experiencing unsheltered homelessness, a review of research literature and news articles on the topic, and previous surveys and research from Portland State University to better understand gaps and opportunities in providing hygiene, storage and waste management to people living unsheltered

Interpretable Deep Learning for Discriminating Pneumonia from Lung Ultrasounds

Lung ultrasound images have shown great promise to be an operative point-of-care test for the diagnosis of COVID-19 because of the ease of procedure with negligible individual protection equipment, together with relaxed disinfection. Deep learning (DL) is a robust tool for modeling infection patterns from medical images; however, the existing COVID-19 detection models are complex and thereby are hard to deploy in frequently used mobile platforms in point-of-care testing. Moreover, most of the COVID-19 detection models in the existing literature on DL are implemented as a black box, hence, they are hard to be interpreted or trusted by the healthcare community. This paper presents a novel interpretable DL framework discriminating COVID-19 infection from other cases of pneumonia and normal cases using ultrasound data of patients. In the proposed framework, novel transformer modules are introduced to model the pathological information from ultrasound frames using an improved window-based multi-head self-attention layer. A convolutional patching module is introduced to transform input frames into latent space rather than partitioning input into patches. A weighted pooling module is presented to score the embeddings of the disease representations obtained from the transformer modules to attend to information that is most valuable for the screening decision. Experimental analysis of the public three-class lung ultrasound dataset (PCUS dataset) demonstrates the discriminative power (Accuracy: 93.4%, F1-score: 93.1%, AUC: 97.5%) of the proposed solution overcoming the competing approaches while maintaining low complexity. The proposed model obtained very promising results in comparison with the rival models. More importantly, it gives explainable outputs therefore, it can serve as a candidate tool for empowering the sustainable diagnosis of COVID-19-like diseases in smart healthcare

1-Benzoyl-3-[3-cyano-8-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetra­hydro­quinolin-2-yl]thio­urea

In the N-substituted benzoyl­thio­urea, C24H23N5OS, the benzoyl­thio­urea unit is non-planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.126 Å). The aliphatic part of the tetra­hydro­quinoline fused-ring system is disordered over two positions in a 0.592 (5):0.408 (5) ratio. The pyridine and pyrrole rings are twisted by 55.2 (1)° in order to avoid crowding of their respective substituents. Pairs of mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers. Furthermore, an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond stabilizes the mol­ecular conformation

Diagnostic performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and Ultra-sensitive PCR in diagnosis of malaria in western Saudi Arabia

Malaria diagnosis continues to be one of the most important steps in the cycle of control specially in endemic countries with low parasitic load infections. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and ultrasensitive PCR (Us-PCR) are two promising candidates for malaria diagnosis. A cross sectional study performed at King Faisal Hospital, Taif KSA involved patients suffering from signs and symptoms suggesting of malaria, 35 blood samples diagnosed by Nested Multiplex PCR as a reference method (13 P. falciparum, 17 P. vivax, 3 mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax) plus two negative controls were selected to be included in this study to analyse the performance of two LAMP methods (LAMP OptiGene® and LAMP WarmStart®) and two ultrasensitive PCRs (Us-PCR TARE-2 and Us-PCR Var-ATS). LAMP OptiGene® and LAMP WarmStart® performances were identical and better than the performance of Us PCR TARE 2 and Us-PCR var-ATS for P. falciparum, achieving 93.75% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 97.17% accuracy versus 87.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 94.29% accuracy for the Us PCR TARE 2 and 81.25% sensitivity, 94.74% specificity and 88.57% accuracy for the Us PCR var-ATS respectively. In P. vivax diagnosis LAMP OptiGene® performed excellently with 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy while LAMP WarmStart® and Us-PCR Cox1 achieved 100% sensitivity, specificity 93.33% and 97.14% accuracy. The study results highlighted the benefits of using LAMP techniques for field diagnosis of malaria in different settings where the need for a more sensitive and reliable molecular tool is mandatory but at the same time removing the high cost, long turnaround time and the need of highly specialized trained technicians to perform more sophisticated molecular techniques.The authors would like to acknowledge The Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia for funding of the resent research.S

The Mechanism Underlying Transient Weakness in Myotonia Congenita

In addition to the hallmark muscle stiffness, patients with recessive myotonia congenita (Becker disease) experience debilitating bouts of transient weakness that remain poorly understood despite years of study. We performed intracellular recordings from muscle of both genetic and pharmacologic mouse models of Becker disease to identify the mechanism underlying transient weakness. Our recordings reveal transient depolarizations (plateau potentials) of the membrane potential to -25 to -35 mV in the genetic and pharmacologic models of Becker disease. Both Na + and Ca 2+ currents contribute to plateau potentials. Na + persistent inward current (NaPIC) through Na V 1.4 channels is the key trigger of plateau potentials and current through Ca V 1.1 Ca 2+ channels contributes to the duration of the plateau. Inhibiting NaPIC with ranolazine prevents the development of plateau potentials and eliminates transient weakness in vivo. These data suggest that targeting NaPIC may be an effective treatment to prevent transient weakness in myotonia congenita

Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa among Saudi Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: A Case-Control Study

It has been hypothesized that chronic renal failure (CRF) predisposes patients to infection with intestinal protozoa. We tested this hypothesis with a matched case-control study to determine the prevalence of these protozoa and their diarrhea associated symptoms among 50 patients with CRF (cases) from Taif, western Saudi Arabia. Fifty diarrheal patients without CRF were recruited in the study as controls. Participants were interviewed by a structured questionnaire and stool samples were collected. Samples were thoroughly examined with microscopy and three coproantigens detection kits. Enteric protozoa were detected in 21 cases and 14 controls. Blastocystis spp. were the most predominant parasite (16% in cases versus 8% in controls), followed by Giardia duodenalis (10% in cases versus 12% in controls) and Cryptosporidium spp. (10% in cases versus 6% in controls). Cyclospora cayetanensis was identified in two cases, while Entamoeba histolytica was described in one case and one control. Intestinal parasitism was positively associated with the male gender, urban residence, and travel history. Clinical symptoms of nausea/vomiting and abdominal pain were significantly varied between the parasitized cases and controls (P value ≤ 0.05). Given the results, we recommend screening all diarrheal feces for intestinal protozoa in the study's population, particularly those with CRF