Analisis Margin Pemasaran Telur Ayam Ras pada USAha Peternakan “Cahaya Aris Manis” di Desa Langaleso Kecamatan Dolo Kabupaten Sigi

The purpose of the study was to determine the marketing channels, marketing margin, part of the price received by farmers and marketing efficiency. Determination of the respondents to the farm was done intentionally (purposive). Total respondents two people consisting of 1 leader and 1 employee with the consideration that the respondents have to know the flow of the marketing of the products produced. Respondent traders used assessment method (Tracing Method), in order to obtain each 2 collectors and 1 retailers. The results showed that there are two channels of marketing eggs in the effort "breeder laying hens on the farm" Aris Light Sweet "as follows: 1). Breeders - Traders Gatherer - Retailer - Consumer. 2). Breeders - Traders Gatherer/retailer - Consumer. Margin on the first channel of IDR.9,600 and a second channel IDR.5,400. Section prices received by farmers in the first marketing channel by 91% and the second channel by 93%. Section prices received by farmers on the second channel ar greater, with the efficiency of 4,5%. Compared with the first channel with the efficiency of 4,7%. The results also showed that the efficiency of the marketing channels more efficiently

Analytic calculation of energies and wave functions of the quartic and pure quartic oscillators

Ground state energies and wave functions of quartic and pure quartic oscillators are calculated by first casting the Schr\"{o}dinger equation into a nonlinear Riccati form and then solving that nonlinear equation analytically in the first iteration of the quasilinearization method (QLM). In the QLM the nonlinear differential equation is solved by approximating the nonlinear terms by a sequence of linear expressions. The QLM is iterative but not perturbative and gives stable solutions to nonlinear problems without depending on the existence of a smallness parameter. Our explicit analytic results are then compared with exact numerical and also with WKB solutions and it is found that our ground state wave functions, using a range of small to large coupling constants, yield a precision of between 0.1 and 1 percent and are more accurate than WKB solutions by two to three orders of magnitude. In addition, our QLM wave functions are devoid of unphysical turning point singularities and thus allow one to make analytical estimates of how variation of the oscillator parameters affects physical systems that can be described by the quartic and pure quartic oscillators.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, 1 tabl

Climate change adaptation and cross-sectoral policy coherence in southern Africa

To be effective, climate change adaptation needs to be mainstreamed across multiple sectors and greater policy coherence is essential. Using the cases of Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia, this paper investigates the extent of coherence in national policies across the water and agriculture sectors and to climate change adaptation goals outlined in national development plans. A two-pronged qualitative approach is applied using Qualitative Document Analysis of relevant policies and plans, combined with expert interviews from non-government actors in each country. Findings show that sector policies have differing degrees of coherence on climate change adaptation, currently being strongest in Zambia and weakest in Tanzania. We also identify that sectoral policies remain more coherent in addressing immediate-term disaster management issues of floods and droughts rather than longer-term strategies for climate adaptation. Coherence between sector and climate policies and strategies is strongest when the latter has been more recently developed. However to date, this has largely been achieved by repackaging of existing sectoral policy statements into climate policies drafted by external consultants to meet international reporting needs and not by the establishment of new connections between national sectoral planning processes. For more effective mainstreaming of climate change adaptation, governments need to actively embrace longer-term cross-sectoral planning through cross-Ministerial structures, such as initiated through Zambia’s Interim Climate Change Secretariat, to foster greater policy coherence and integrated adaptation planning

Dynamic modeling of mean-reverting spreads for statistical arbitrage

Statistical arbitrage strategies, such as pairs trading and its generalizations, rely on the construction of mean-reverting spreads enjoying a certain degree of predictability. Gaussian linear state-space processes have recently been proposed as a model for such spreads under the assumption that the observed process is a noisy realization of some hidden states. Real-time estimation of the unobserved spread process can reveal temporary market inefficiencies which can then be exploited to generate excess returns. Building on previous work, we embrace the state-space framework for modeling spread processes and extend this methodology along three different directions. First, we introduce time-dependency in the model parameters, which allows for quick adaptation to changes in the data generating process. Second, we provide an on-line estimation algorithm that can be constantly run in real-time. Being computationally fast, the algorithm is particularly suitable for building aggressive trading strategies based on high-frequency data and may be used as a monitoring device for mean-reversion. Finally, our framework naturally provides informative uncertainty measures of all the estimated parameters. Experimental results based on Monte Carlo simulations and historical equity data are discussed, including a co-integration relationship involving two exchange-traded funds.Comment: 34 pages, 6 figures. Submitte

Determining reliability functions of steam turbine in power plant 'Nikola Tesla, block a4'

Determination of reliability indicators of steam turbine system in the thermal power plant 'Nikola Tesla, Block A4'during useful life period is based on a ten-year operational database. By implementation of mathematical theory of reliability to exploitation research data and using simple and complex two-parameter Weibull distribution, the theoretical reliability functions of the considered system are determined. The graphical method is applied to quantitatively determine reliability indicators. Obtained probabilistic laws of failure density and failure rate, according to which the random variable behaves, do not coincide completely with empirical distributions, regardless of whether the theoretical functions are obtained by simple or complex Weibull distribution

Determining reliability functions of steam turbine in power plant 'Nikola Tesla, block a4'

Determination of reliability indicators of steam turbine system in the thermal power plant 'Nikola Tesla, Block A4'during useful life period is based on a ten-year operational database. By implementation of mathematical theory of reliability to exploitation research data and using simple and complex two-parameter Weibull distribution, the theoretical reliability functions of the considered system are determined. The graphical method is applied to quantitatively determine reliability indicators. Obtained probabilistic laws of failure density and failure rate, according to which the random variable behaves, do not coincide completely with empirical distributions, regardless of whether the theoretical functions are obtained by simple or complex Weibull distribution

Methods for calculating Protection Equality for conservation planning

Protected Areas (PAs) are a central part of biodiversity conservation strategies around the world. Today, PAs cover c15% of the Earth’s land mass and c3% of the global oceans. These numbers are expected to grow rapidly to meet the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Aichi Biodiversity target 11, which aims to see 17% and 10% of terrestrial and marine biomes protected, respectively, by 2020. This target also requires countries to ensure that PAs protect an “ecologically representative” sample of their biodiversity. At present, there is no clear definition of what desirable ecological representation looks like, or guidelines of how to standardize its assessment as the PA estate grows. We propose a systematic approach to measure ecological representation in PA networks using the Protection Equality (PE) metric, which measures how equally ecological features, such as habitats, within a country’s borders are protected. Extending research in Barr et al. (2011), we present an R package and two Protection Equality (PE) measures; proportional to area PE, and fixed area PE, which measure the representativeness of a country’s PA network. We illustrate the PE metrics with two case studies: coral reef protection across countries and ecoregions in the Coral Triangle, and representation of ecoregions of six of the largest countries in the world. Our results provide repeatable transparency to the issue of representation in PA networks and provide a starting point for further discussion, evaluation and testing of representation metrics. They also highlight clear shortcomings in current PA networks, particularly where they are biased towards certain assemblage types or habitats. Our proposed metrics should be used to report on measuring progress towards the representation component of Aichi Target 11. The PE metrics can be used to measure the representation of any kind of ecological feature including: species, ecoregions, processes or habitats

Experience with developing antibiotic stewardship programmes in Serbia : potential model for other Balkan countries?

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and inappropriate use of antibiotics in children are important issues. Consequently, there is a need to develop comprehensive stewardship programmes even in hospitals with limited resources starting with children’s hospitals. Method: Retrospective observational analysis of antimicrobial utilization and resistance patterns over five years in a tertiary care children’s hospital in Serbia. Results: Cumulative AMR decreased but were still high, with high cumulative resistance rates among the most widely used antibiotics in the hospital. Total antibiotic use decreased from 2010 to 2014 although there was still high prescribing of reserved antibiotics. Conclusion: Concerns with inappropriate use, and high resistance rates, among some antibiotics used in the hospital are being used to develop guidance on future antibiotic use in this hospital, building on the recently introduced antibiotic stewardship programme, as well as encourage other hospitals in Serbia to review their policies