The role of off-board EV battery chargers in smart homes and smart grids: operation with renewables and energy storage systems

Concerns about climate changes and environmental air pollution are leading to the adoption of new technologies for transportation, mainly based on vehicle electrification and the interaction with smart grids, and also with the introduction of renewable energy sources (RES) accompanied by energy storage systems (ESS). For these three fundamental pillars, new power electronics technologies are emerging to transform the electrical power grid, targeting a flexible and collaborative operation. As a distinctive factor, the vehicle electrification has stimulated the presence of new technologies in terms of power management, both for smart homes and smart grids. As the title indicates, this book chapter focuses on the role of off-board EV battery chargers in terms of operation modes and contextualization for smart homes and smart grids in terms of opportunities. Based on a review of on-board and off-board EV battery charging systems (EV-BCS), this chapter focus on the off-board EV-BCS framed with RES and ESS as a dominant system in future smart homes. Contextualizing these aspects, three distinct cases are considered: (1) An ac smart home using separate power converters, according to the considered technologies; (2) A hybrid ac and dc smart home with an off-board EV-BCS interfacing RES and ESS, and with the electrical appliances plugged-in to the ac power grid; (3) A dc smart home using a unified 2 off-board EV-BCS with a single interface for the electrical power grid, and with multiple dc interfaces (RES, ESS, and electrical appliances). The results for each case are obtained in terms of efficiency and power quality, demonstrating that the off-board EV-BCS, as a unified structure for smart homes, presents better results. Besides, the off-board EV-BCS can also be used as an important asset for the smart grid, even when the EV is not plugged-in at the smart home.(undefined

PENYUSUNAN DAN ANALISIS TES KINERJA (PERFORMANCE TEST) PADA KOMPETENSI PRAKTIK MEMASANG SISTEM PENERANGAN DAN WIRING KELISTRIKAN DI SMK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun tes kinerja dan analisis tes kinerja pada kompetensipraktik memasang sistem penerangan dan wiring kelistrikan di SMK Otomotif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data analisis tes kinerja. Tes yang dikembangkan yaitu terdiri dari rubrik dan pedoman penilaian.Hasil penelitian tes kinerja berupa uji validitas isi, uji keterbacaan dan uji konstruksi. Konten tes kinerja dilakukan dengan  expert judgment. Analisis validitas isi menggunakan rumus CVR dan CVI didapatkan hasil yang valid. Hasil uji tingkat keterbacaan memiliki nilai tinggi setelah dilakukan perbaikan, sehingga instrumen dapat digunakan oleh siapa saja. Hasil uji konstruksi dinyatakan dalam nilai tinggi, artinya terstruktur untuk digunakan.Kesimpulan diperoleh bahwa proses tahapan-tahapan pembuatan instrument tes kinerja dan penyusunan pembuatan instrument tes kinerja yang melalui tahapan demi tahapan hingga menjadi valid dengan pengesahan ahli.</jats:p