Fluctuations in canal water supplies: a case study

Irrigation management / Water allocation / Canals / Water distribution / Water supply / Performance evaluation / Irrigated farming / Irrigation systems / Pakistan / Chishtian Sub-Division / Fordwah Distributary

Physico-Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Drinking Water of Four Springs of Danyore Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan

Drinking water of good quality is essential for human physiology whose continual existence depends on the availability of water and any sort of contamination in water which is above the standard limits set by International water regulating agencies can lead to water related diseases. So, the present investigation was conducted to determine the physico-chemical and bacteriological contents of four springs i.e.Heshi spring 1, Heshi spring 2, Kitaab Roong, and Kooti spring and its distribution system such as water reservoir inlet, outlet, mid and end point of distribution systems, junction where it merge with glacier water. The temperature was in a range of 13oC - 22oC. The turbidity of water samples fluctuate from 0.02NTU-1.99NTU. The pH value was in a range of 6.2-7.1. Electrical conductivity range of minimum 122µS/cm to a maximum of 600µS/cm. The TDS of all water samples ranging from minimum of 164-513mg/l. The amount of reactive ortho phosphate was in a range of 26mg/l to 59mg/L. The amount of total phosphorous was in a range of minimum 23m/L to maximum of 120mg/L. The total bacterial count was in a range of 11CFU/100ml to 83 CFU/100ml.The findings showed there should be comprehensive standardization of drinking water of Danyore village according to guidelines of WHO water quality standards and make it safe for human consumption

Fabrication and characterization of CNT/ZnO thin film junction for photovoltaic application

Concern about energy supply and climate change has been brought into the essential discussion. There is a clear need to make energy cheap, readily accessible and green. The Photovoltaic cell (PV) is the energy source in the development of solar cell technology that can deliver low cost electricity generation. Therefore, this research work is conducted on the fabrication and characterization of CNT/ZnO thin films junction for photovoltaic application. The preparation procedure includes two parts: deposition of ZnO by the electrodeposition technique and coating of CNTs by the doctor-blade technique. Effect of different deposition temperatures at 60°C, 75°C and 90°C on the structural and morphological ZnO films was studied and the optimum deposition conditions have been outlined. XRD shows that the product presents a good crystallinity. The characterization of structural and morphological of CNT films were studied by using XRD and FESEM. The XRD results showed the crystalline size of CNTs in nano size. CNTs have been used as the component devices to help the charge conduction, improve electrode flexibility and in some cases as active light absorbing materials. The ultimate goal is to gain deeper understanding of the cathodic processes involved and to facilitate the optimization of operating conditions

Synthetic and Biocidal Studies of Zn-Hydrazone Complexes

A series of hydrazone derivatives were synthesized through multi-step reactions. The 2-(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-7-yloxy)acetohydrazide was prepared from 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one as starting material. Then the condensation of 2-(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-7-yloxy)acetohydrazide with different o-hydroxyaldehyde derivatives yielded into hydrazone derivatives . These hydrazone ligands were complexed with Zn (II) yielded complexes . The molecular structures of the hydrazones and Zn (II) complexes were characterized by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, LCMS, XRD, DSC-TGA, UV–Visible, Fluorescence and elemental analysis. The conductivity experiments showed that all the complexes are non-electrolytes. This is the first comprehensive review of the biological activity of hydrazone-transition metal complexes. Hydrazone complexes gained much attention because of their antifugial, antibacterial anticonvulsant, and analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antituberculosis, anticancer, and antiviral activities. Additionally, some of the hydrazone complexes were used in treatment of iron overload diseases. One application, which reflects the importance of hydrazone complexes, is their use in detection and determination of metals and some organic constituents in pharmaceutical formulations.The Zn-hydrazone complexes also have biocidal properties

Method on Anaerobic Biogas Generation From Cow Dung and Water Hyacinth With Reference to Quality of Gas and it’s Effect on Public Surroundings

Under the right conditions, liquid manure will break down into biogas and a low-odor effluent. Biogas can be burned to produce heat, electricity, or both the anaerobically-digested manure, can be stored and applied to fields with significantly less odor than stored, untreated liquid manure. Anaerobic digestion does not reduce the volume or nutrient value of manure. If dilution water is added to the system, the volume of material to handle is increased.The following test can help you determine if anaerobic digestion is a viable option for your farm. If most of the following statements describe your farm, anaerobic digestion may be compatible with your operation.Manure is currently handled as a liquid. Very little bedding or frozen manure is handled and the manure in the handling system is free from high levels of copper sulfate and antibiotics.Odor control is a major concern.There is space on the farm to expand the manure handling system with the possibility for gravity flow from a barn to an anaerobic digester or from a digester to a manure storage.Someone on the farm has the interest, time, and technical skills to learn about the anaerobic digestion process, make repairs, and perform general maintenance on equipment.Resources are available to finance an anaerobic digestion system.Adhering to recommended safety practices is standard procedure on the farm

The Impact of the Social Media Influencer Power on Consumer Attitudes toward the Brand: The Mediating/Moderating Role of Social Media Influencer Source Credibility

This paper presents a conceptual model of the impact of social media influencer power on consumer attitudes toward a brand. The research uses naïve theories of social influence, consumer socialization theory and market signaling theory to support the contention that social media influencer power will impact consumer brand attitudes. However, the impact of the social media influencer power on consumer brand attitudes is posited to be mediated and/or moderated by the social media influencer source credibility. In turn, the social media influencer source credibility is modeled as being positively related to the social media influencer’s expertise/competence with respect to the product, the social media influencer’s goodwill toward the consumer, and the social media influencer’s trustworthiness

Social Media Influencer Perceived Source Credibility Scale Validation and Consumer Attitudes Toward the Brand: An Exploratory Study in Urban India

This study explores the relationship between social media influencers (SMIs) perceived source credibility and the formation of brand attitudes of their followers from an urban Indian sample. SMIs have become a channel in shaping consumers’ brand perceptions for products and services across multiple industries worldwide. Using survey data from India, this research delves into the dimensions of SMI perceived source credibility and attitudes towards the brand. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated the concept that SMI perceived source credibility is a second order construct that is comprised of SMI perceived expertise, goodwill and trustworthiness. Also, that partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) suggests that SMI perceived source credibility is positively related to followers’ brand attitudes in India. These findings complement Hofstede Insights on cultural theory and suggest that culture plays an important role in determining the mechanics of influencer marketing