Investigations on the Problem of Moisture Absorption13; by Kevlar Fibres

Kevlar fibres are know, to have affinity for moisture. We have investigated (i) the effect of relative humidity (RH) of ambient atmosphere and ( ii ) the effect of crystallinity of fibres on the process of moisture uptake.13; For RH values ranging fran 3 to 80% variation of moisture content of initially dry fibres with time has been measured. It is found that saturation moisture content varies with RH value. Specimens in which crystallinity has been reduced by apropriate treatmrent exhibit a marked increase in moisture content.Experiments on the effect of soaking the fibres in water at 26xB0;C and 98xB0;C have also been carried out. The site of ITOisture absorption has been studied using X-ray of dry Kevlar 49 fibres and those with clifferent levels13; of misture content. The results suggest that water molecules do not enter the unit cell

Polyethylene Glycol Camouflaged Earthworm Hemoglobin.

Nearly 21 million components of blood and whole blood and transfused annually in the United States, while on average only 13.6 million units of blood are donated. As the demand for Red Blood Cells (RBCs) continues to increase due to the aging population, this deficit will be more significant. Despite decades of research to develop hemoglobin (Hb) based oxygen (O2) carriers (HBOCs) as RBC substitutes, there are no products approved for clinical use. Lumbricus terrestris erythrocruorin (LtEc) is the large acellular O2 carrying protein complex found in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. LtEc is an extremely stable protein complex, resistant to autoxidation, and capable of transporting O2 to tissue when transfused into mammals. These characteristics render LtEc a promising candidate for the development of the next generation HBOCs. LtEc has a short half-life in circulation, limiting its application as a bridge over days, until blood became available. Conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG-LtEc) can extend LtEc circulation time. This study explores PEG-LtEc pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. To study PEG-LtEc pharmacokinetics, hamsters instrumented with the dorsal window chamber were subjected to a 40% exchange transfusion with 10 g/dL PEG-LtEc or LtEc and followed for 48 hours. To study the vascular response of PEG-LtEc, hamsters instrumented with the dorsal window chamber received multiple infusions of 10 g/dL PEG-LtEc or LtEc solution to increase plasma LtEc concentration to 0.5, then 1.0, and 1.5 g/dL, while monitoring the animals' systemic and microcirculatory parameters. Results confirm that PEGylation of LtEc increases its circulation time, extending the half-life to 70 hours, 4 times longer than that of unPEGylated LtEc. However, PEGylation increased the rate of LtEc oxidation in vivo. Vascular analysis verified that PEG-LtEc showed the absence of microvascular vasoconstriction or systemic hypertension. The molecular size of PEG-LtEc did not change the colloid osmotic pressure or blood volume expansion capacity compared to LtEc, due to LtEc's already large molecular size. Taken together, these results further encourage the development of PEG-LtEc as an O2 carrying therapeutic

Witt Groups of the Punctured Spectrum of a 3-Dimensional Regular Local Ring and a Purity Theorem

Let A be a regular local ring with quotient field K. Assume that 2 is invertible in A. Let W(A)→W(K) be the homomorphism induced by the inclusion A↪K, where W( ) denotes the Witt group of quadratic forms. If dim A≤4, it is known that this map is injective [6, 7]. A natural question is to characterize the image of W(A) in W(K). Let Spec1(A) be the set of prime ideals of A of height 1. For P∈Spec1(A), let πP be a parameter of the discrete valuation ring AP and k(P) = AP/PAP. For this choice of a parameter πP, one has the second residue homomorphism ∂P:W(K)→W(k(P)) [9, p. 209]. Though the homomorphism ∂P depends on the choice of the parameter πP, its kernel and cokernel do not. We have a homomorphism ∂=( ∂ P ) :W( K ) → ⊕ P∈Spe c 1 ( A )  W( K( P ) ) A part of the so-called Gersten conjecture is the following question on ‘purity'. Is the sequence W( A ) →W( K ) → ∂ ⊕ P∈Spe c 1 ( A )  W( K( P ) ) exact? This question has an affirmative answer for dim(A)≤2 [1; 3, p. 277]. There have been speculations by Pardon and Barge-Sansuc-Vogel on the question of purity. However, in the literature, there is no proof for purity even for dim(A) = 3. One of the consequences of the main result of this paper is an affirmative answer to the purity question for dim(A) = 3. We briefly outline our main resul

VSCAN: An Enhanced Video Summarization using Density-based Spatial Clustering

In this paper, we present VSCAN, a novel approach for generating static video summaries. This approach is based on a modified DBSCAN clustering algorithm to summarize the video content utilizing both color and texture features of the video frames. The paper also introduces an enhanced evaluation method that depends on color and texture features. Video Summaries generated by VSCAN are compared with summaries generated by other approaches found in the literature and those created by users. Experimental results indicate that the video summaries generated by VSCAN have a higher quality than those generated by other approaches.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1401.3590 by other authors without attributio

SPMLS: An Efficient Sequential Pattern Mining Algorithm with candidate Generation and Frequency Testing

India. Abstract- Sequential pattern mining is a fundamental and essential field of data mining because of its extensive scope of applications spanning from the forecasting the user shopping patterns, and scientific discoveries. The objective is to discover frequently appeared sequential patterns in given set of sequences. Now-a-days, many studies have contributed to the efficiency of sequential pattern mining algorithms. Most existing algorithms have verified to be effective, however, when mining long frequent sequences in database, these algorithms do not work well. In this paper, we propose an efficient pattern mining algorithm, SPMLS, Sequential Pattern Mining on Long Sequences for mining long sequential patterns in a given database. SPMLS takes up an iterative process of candidate-generation which is followed by frequency-testing in two phases, event-wise and sequence-wise. Event-wise phase presents a new candidate pruning approach which improves the efficiency of the mining process. Sequence-wise phase integrates considerations of intra-event and inter-event constraints. Simulations are carried out on both synthetic and real datasets to evaluate the performance of SPMLS

Isotropy of unitary involutions

We prove the so-called Unitary Isotropy Theorem, a result on isotropy of a unitary involution. The analogous previously known results on isotropy of orthogonal and symplectic involutions as well as on hyperbolicity of orthogonal, symplectic, and unitary involutions are formal consequences of this theorem. A component of the proof is a detailed study of the quasi-split unitary grassmannians.Comment: final version, to appear in Acta Mat

A Review of Fuzzy Soft Topological Spaces, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Topological Spaces and Neutrosophic Soft Topological Spaces

The notion of fuzzy sets initiated to overcome the uncertainty of an object. Fuzzy topological space, intuitionistic fuzzy sets in topological structure space, vagueness in topological structure space, rough sets in topological space, theory of hesitancy and neutrosophic topological space, etc. are the extension of fuzzy sets. Soft set is a family of parameters which is also a set. Fuzzy soft topological space, intuitionistic fuzzy soft and neutrosophic soft topological space are obtained by incorporating soft sets with various topological structures. This motivates to write a review and study on various soft set concepts. This paper shows the detailed review of soft topological spaces in various sets like fuzzy, Intuitionistic fuzzy set and neutrosophy. Eventually, we compared some of the existing tools in the literature for easy understanding and exhibited their advantages and limitations

An Overview Study on Awareness of Global Warming Among the Graduate Teacher Trainees

Nowadays global warming is considered as a burning problem and it is being a challenge to the entire world and its scientific society. Global warming is a worldwide environmental problem by which there is an abnormal increase to the level of temperature, particularly in a natural environment. Global warming is not only affecting the nature, but it affects the life and homes of millions of people. The changes of global warming is visible from the highest mountains to deep in the oceans and it extinguished different parts of the earth and it's also creates rich bio-diversity. To identify the level of awareness global warming and to enhance the same among future secondary school teachers, the Authors decided to conduct the present research study of awareness on global warming among graduate Teacher trainees of college of education. Further, the study may also help the student teachers of secondary schools to create awareness on global warming among students studying in secondary schools in future. Keywords: global warming, climatic Change, green house effect, environmental refugees, and 3R

An introduction to neutrosophic minimal structure space

This paper is an introduction of neutrosophic minimal structure space and addresses properties of neutrosophic minimal structure space. Neutrosophic set has plenty of applications. This motivates us to present the concept of neutrosophic minimal structure space. We defined neutrosophic minimal structure space, closure and interior of a set, subspace. Some properties of neutrosophic minimal structure space are also studied. Finally, Decision making problem solved using score functio