Boundary value problems of elasticity theory for plane domains with one-dimensional elastic reinforcements

This article is a translation of an article published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No 1, pp 103-114 Jan-Feb 1991.Many authors have examined problems related to the load transmission from an elastic rod to an elastic plane. It was assumed in the majority of investigationa that the stringer is a thin rectilinear rod transmitting only longitudinal forces while the rod contact with the plane is realized along a line. different modifications of sheet contact with a rectilinear tensile stringer considered as an inner stringer of finite length or as an infinite edge stringer were analyzed in [1, 2]. Problems about the reinforcement of holes in a plate by a thin rod of constant section that possesses bending and longitudinal stiffnesses were solved in [3]. The eccentricity of the connection between the shell middle surface and the rod was taken into account in [4] in a study of shells reinforced by thin curvilinear rods. Other models of the one-dimensional element connected to an elastic medium without taking account of its bending stiffness were analyzed in [5, 6]. Solutions of a number of problems with circular reinforcing elements are obtained in [7]. An isotropic finite or infinite, linearly elastic plate reinforced along part or all of the boundary and along certain internal lines by elastic curvilinear rods possessing variable longitudinal and bending stiffnesses, variable curvature and thickness, the eccentricity of the connection to the plate and with an arbitrary transverse section shape symmetric relative to the plate middle surface are studied in this paper. Boundary conditions on the line of plate contact with the inner or edge elastic rods are obtained for the reinforcement models generalizing [1, 2] by using the theory of elastic rods in the case of a plane state of stress. Existence and uniqueness theorems are proved for appropriate boundary value problems; the singularity of the stresses at angles and tips of the rods are proved. The relationships obtained carry over completely to the plane strain problem for an elastic cylinder reinforced by homogeneous cylindrical shells along the generator. Some of the results described here are represented in [8]

A radial mode ultrasonic horn for the inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12

Tuned cylindrical radial mode ultrasonic horns offer advantages over ultrasonic probes in the design of flow-through devices for bacterial inactivation. This study presents a comparison of the effectiveness of a radial horn and probe in the inactivation of Escherichia coli K12. The radial horn is designed using finite element analysis and the predicted modal parameters are validated using experimental modal analysis. A validated finite element model of the probe is also presented. Visual studies of the cavitation fields produced by the radial horn and probe are carried out using luminol and also backlighting to demonstrate the advantages of radial horns in producing a more focused cavitation field with widely dispersed streamers. Microbiological studies show that, for the same power density, better inactivation of E. coli K12 is achieved using the radial horn and, also, the radial horn offers greater achievable power density resulting in further improvements in bacterial inactivation. The radial horn is shown to be more effective than the probe device and offers opportunities to design in-line flow-through devices for processing applications

On the cohomology of some exceptional symmetric spaces

This is a survey on the construction of a canonical or "octonionic K\"ahler" 8-form, representing one of the generators of the cohomology of the four Cayley-Rosenfeld projective planes. The construction, in terms of the associated even Clifford structures, draws a parallel with that of the quaternion K\"ahler 4-form. We point out how these notions allow to describe the primitive Betti numbers with respect to different even Clifford structures, on most of the exceptional symmetric spaces of compact type.Comment: 12 pages. Proc. INdAM Workshop "New Perspectives in Differential Geometry" held in Rome, Nov. 2015, to appear in Springer-INdAM Serie

Boundary Crossing in School Governing Bodies: Perspectives from the Business Community

Policy changes to school governance have led to Governing Bodies (GBs) increasingly appointing skilled professionals from the business community. Research into these GBs views governors from business as a threat to lay governors and the stakeholder model (Young, 2017). Whilst there has been exploration of the contributions of business governors, the ways in which business volunteers develop into their new roles as business governors have not been captured. This paper is drawn from an evaluation of Lloyds Banking Group’s (LBG) school governance programme where 18 LBG employees were interviewed throughout the first year in their governor roles. Adapting Young’s (2017) categorisation of knowledge as ‘managerial’, ‘educational’ and ‘lay’, this paper articulates how LBG governors acquired ‘educational’ and ‘lay’ knowledge to transform their practices and how this was underpinned by ‘authenticity’ associated with the stakeholder model (Connolly, 2017). The paper presents perspectives from other GB stakeholders which suggest that the transformation of the LBG governors’ practice impacted upon GBs, with them crossing boundaries between landscapes of practice (Wenger-Trayner and Wenger-Trayner, 2014). The implications are that, within the context of performativity, the wider business sector has a role to play in school governance and understanding governor professional development is key to this

Food Price Policy in Indonesia

Agricultural and Food Policy,

Subcellular mRNA localisation at a glance.

mRNA localisation coupled to translational regulation provides an important means of dictating when and where proteins function in a variety of model systems. This mechanism is particularly relevant in polarised or migrating cells. Although many of the models for how this is achieved were first proposed over 20 years ago, some of the molecular details are still poorly understood. Nevertheless, advanced imaging, biochemical and computational approaches have started to shed light on the cis-acting localisation signals and trans-acting factors that dictate the final destination of localised transcripts. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we provide an overview of mRNA localisation, from transcription to degradation, focusing on the microtubule-dependent active transport and anchoring mechanism, which we will use to explain the general paradigm. However, it is clear that there are diverse ways in which mRNAs become localised and target protein expression, and we highlight some of the similarities and differences between these mechanisms.This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship to I.D. supporting R.M.P. [grant number: 096144], a studentship from the Wellcome Trust to A.D. [grant number: 097304], the University of Cambridge, ISSF to T.T.W. [grant number 097814].This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the Company of Biologists via http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.11427

PETA-3/CD151, a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, is localised to the plasma membrane and endocytic system of endothelial cells, associates with multiple integrins and modulates cell function

The Transmembrane 4 Superfamily member, PETA-3/CD151, is ubiquitously expressed by endothelial cells in vivo. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells PETA-3 is present on the plasma membrane and predominantly localises to regions of cell-cell contact. Additionally, this protein is abundant within an intracellular compartment which accounts for up to 66% of the total PETA-3 expressed. Intracellular PETA-3 showed colocalisation with transferrin receptor and CD63 suggesting an endosomal/lysosomal localisation which was supported by immuno-electronmicroscopy studies. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments investigating possible interactions of PETA-3 with other molecules demonstrated associations with several integrin chains including beta1, beta3, beta4, (alpha)2, (alpha)3, (alpha)5, (alpha)6 and provide the first report of Transmembrane 4 Superfamily association with the (alpha)6beta4 integrin. Using 2-colour confocal microscopy, we demonstrated similar localisation of PETA-3 and integrin chains within cytoplasmic vesicles and endothelial cell junctions. In order to assess the functional implications of PETA-3/integrin associations, the effect of anti-PETA-3 antibodies on endothelial function was examined. Anti-PETA-3 mAb inhibited endothelial cell migration and modulated in vitro angiogenesis, but had no detectable effect on neutrophil transendothelial migration. The broad range of integrin associations and the presence of PETA-3 with integrins both on the plasma membrane and within intracellular vesicles, suggests a primary role for PETA-3 in regulating integrin trafficking and/or function.Paul M. Sincock, Stephen Fitter, Robert G. Parton, Michael C. Berndt, Jennifer R. Gamble and Leonie K. Ashma

High energy scattering in 2+1 QCD

High energy scattering in 2+1 QCD is studied using the recent approach of Verlinde and Verlinde. We calculate the color singlet part of the quark-quark scattering exactly within this approach, and discuss some physical implication of this result. We also demonstrate, by two independent methods, that reggeization fails for the color singlet channel. We briefly comment on the problem in 3+1 QCD.Comment: 20 pages, references adde

Children, family and the state : revisiting public and private realms

The state is often viewed as part of the impersonal public sphere in opposition to the private family as a locus of warmth and intimacy. In recent years this modernist dichotomy has been challenged by theoretical and institutional trends which have altered the relationship between state and family. This paper explores changes to both elements of the dichotomy that challenge this relationship: a more fragmented family structure and more individualised and networked support for children. It will also examine two new elements that further disrupt any clear mapping between state/family and public/private dichotomies: the third party role of the child in family/state affairs and children's application of virtual technology that locates the private within new cultural and social spaces. The paper concludes by examining the rise of the 'individual child' hitherto hidden within the family/state dichotomy and the implications this has for intergenerational relations at personal and institutional levels