Saturn S-IB Stage assembly and test report, S-IB-1

Manufacture, assembly, and static tests of Saturn S-IB-1 stag

The Illegality of Resentencing

The Supreme Court in United States v. Booker held that mandatory application of the United States Sentencing Guidelines is inherently unconstitutional, and, to preserve the federal sentencing structure, it excised several provisions of the United States Code that required district courts to adhere to the Guidelines in sentencing criminal defendants. Yet, the Court did not address one provision of the Code, 18 U.S.C § 3742(g)(2), that still requires district courts to adhere to the Guidelines in resentencing criminal defendants. This article explores this provision and concludes that it renders all resentencing in the federal system illegal, in violation of either the statute or the Constitution. District courts are called upon to recognize the unconstitutionality of 18 U.S.C. § 3742(g)(2) sua sponte and to excise it from the United States Code

Form Factors in the radiative pion decay

We perform an analysis of the form factors that rule the structure-dependent amplitude in the radiative pion decay. The resonance contributions to pion -> e nu_e gamma decays are computed through the proper construction of the vector and axial-vector form factors by setting the QCD driven asymptotic properties of the three-point Green functions VVP and VAP, and by demanding the smoothing of the form factors at high transfer of momentum. A comparison between theoretical and experimental determinations of the form factors is also carried out. We also consider and evaluate the role played by a non-standard tensor form factor. We conclude that, at present and due to the hadronic incertitudes, the search for New Physics in this process is not feasible.Comment: 14 pages, no figures. Typos corrected. Accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal

Detection of interstellar oxidaniumyl: abundant H2O+ towards the star-forming regions DR21, Sgr B2, and NGC6334

We identify a prominent absorption feature at 1115 GHz, detected in first HIFI spectra towards high-mass star-forming regions, and interpret its astrophysical origin. The characteristic hyperfine pattern of the H2O+ ground-state rotational transition, and the lack of other known low-energy transitions in this frequency range, identifies the feature as H2O+ absorption against the dust continuum background and allows us to derive the velocity profile of the absorbing gas. By comparing this velocity profile with velocity profiles of other tracers in the DR21 star-forming region, we constrain the frequency of the transition and the conditions for its formation. In DR21, the velocity distribution of H2O+ matches that of the [CII] line at 158\mu\m and of OH cm-wave absorption, both stemming from the hot and dense clump surfaces facing the HII-region and dynamically affected by the blister outflow. Diffuse foreground gas dominates the absorption towards Sgr B2. The integrated intensity of the absorption line allows us to derive lower limits to the H2O+ column density of 7.2e12 cm^-2 in NGC 6334, 2.3e13 cm^-2 in DR21, and 1.1e15 cm^-2 in Sgr B2.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

Discovery of an intermediate-luminosity red transient in M51 and its likely dust-obscured, infrared-variable progenitor

We present the discovery of an optical transient (OT) in Messier 51, designated M51 OT2019-1 (also ZTF19aadyppr, AT 2019abn, ATLAS19bzl), by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). The OT rose over 15 days to an observed luminosity of $M_r=-13$ (${\nu}L_{\nu}=9\times10^6~L_{\odot}$), in the luminosity gap between novae and typical supernovae (SNe). Spectra during the outburst show a red continuum, Balmer emission with a velocity width of $\approx400$ km s$^{-1}$, Ca II and [Ca II] emission, and absorption features characteristic of an F-type supergiant. The spectra and multiband light curves are similar to the so-called "SN impostors" and intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs). We directly identify the likely progenitor in archival Spitzer Space Telescope imaging with a $4.5~\mu$m luminosity of $M_{[4.5]}\approx-12.2$ and a $[3.6]-[4.5]$ color redder than 0.74 mag, similar to those of the prototype ILRTs SN 2008S and NGC 300 OT2008-1. Intensive monitoring of M51 with Spitzer further reveals evidence for variability of the progenitor candidate at [4.5] in the years before the OT. The progenitor is not detected in pre-outburst Hubble Space Telescope optical and near-IR images. The optical colors during outburst combined with spectroscopic temperature constraints imply a higher reddening of $E(B-V)\approx0.7$ mag and higher intrinsic luminosity of $M_r\approx-14.9$ (${\nu}L_{\nu}=5.3\times10^7~L_{\odot}$) near peak than seen in previous ILRT candidates. Moreover, the extinction estimate is higher on the rise than on the plateau, suggestive of an extended phase of circumstellar dust destruction. These results, enabled by the early discovery of M51 OT2019-1 and extensive pre-outburst archival coverage, offer new clues about the debated origins of ILRTs and may challenge the hypothesis that they arise from the electron-capture induced collapse of extreme asymptotic giant branch stars.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, published in ApJ

Role of phycoremediation for nutrient removal from wastewaters: a review

The presence of high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nutrients in wastewater generated industrially or domestically has resulted in significant water pollution situations and subsequently is leading to adverse health problems. Algae have been used in various applications in environmental biotechnology especially for phycoremediation as a tertiary wastewater treatment strategy through assimilation of high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus for their growth, thus reducing potential eutrophication problems. This article discusses the role of phycoremediation to remove COD, BOD and nutrients from wastewater. The mechanism for nutrient removal from wastewater, challenges to process development and current commercial-scale algae-based wastewater treatment are reviewed too. It appears that phycoremediation plays a vital role to treat wastewaters efficiently

Classical Radiation Reaction and Collective Behaviour

Charged particles emit electromagnetic radiation when accelerated, and the subsequent impact on the trajectory must be accounted for by energy and momentum conservation in a self-consistent equation of motion, such as the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation. This effect, known as radiation reaction (RR), becomes significant for relativistic particles in the presence of extremely strong electromagnetic fields, such as an intense laser pulse or pulsar magnetosphere. The LL equation is typically solved either analytically, while treating each particle independently in an external field, or numerically, with a mean field generated by a charge distribution in addition to an external field, as in particle-in-cell (PIC) codes. Yet, the first approach is in principle inconsistent, while the latter neglects the point-like nature of particles which gives rise to RR. We extend the LL equation in its reduced form to include the Liénard-Wiechert fields from neighbouring particles, which is solved numerically for the first time, to our knowledge. For the collision of a relativistic electron-positron bunch with an intense laser pulse, we identify a regime in which microbunches are created by the reflected radiation, which leads to coherent emission across a broad range of frequencies in the X-ray domain, in which RR can play a significant role. A similar, coherently enhanced RR is also observed in a constant and uniform magnetic field, with a weaker form of micro-bunching. In both cases, this ‘collective RR’ coincides with a phase space expansion and is therefore transient

Electronic structures of aluminum and aluminum clusters doped with other atoms

Electronic structure calculations have been carried out for various model AlnX clusters with X and atom of an element known, or likely, to give rise to changes in the corrosion resistance of AlX alloys. The calculations involved the use of a novel orthogonal outer-sphere MSXα technique and results for the partial densities of states for the clusters Al50, Al49, Al49Zn, Al49Cr, Al49T1, and Al49Ta are consistent with the hypothesis that activation of aluminum is to be expected for dopant atoms with filled orbitals, giving rise to Friedel states at the surface, while passivation is to be expected when the d-band density is distributed about the cluster Fermi level

The Importance of Long-term Memory in Infant Perceptual Categorization

Introduction During the last decade, an increasing amount of computational research, in particular, connectionist modeling, has been devoted to the basic mechanisms underlying human categorization (e.g., Anderson & Fincham, 1996; Kruschke, 1992). Our own research has focused on developing a computational model of early infant categorization and testing that model empirically (French, Mermillod, Quinn, & Mareschal, 2001; Mareschal, & French, 1997; Mareschal, French, & Quinn, 2000; Mareschal, Quinn, & French, 2002)